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Material published by the JNS Publishing Group (Journal of Neurosurgery,Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine,Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, andNeurosurgical Focus)是由版权持有的美国人的屁股ociation of Neurological Surgeons and may not be reproduced, distributed, broadcast, displayed, republished, or transmitted in any form or by any means (including photocopying, publication on a website, or posting to the Internet) without the prior written permission of the JNS Publishing Group, or the agent identified in this document. Subscribers may download material from the online version of the Journal (one machine-readable copy and one printed copy) for their own personal non-commercial use only. Non-subscribers may download material from the online version of the Journal on a pay-per-view basis (one machine-readable copy and one printed copy) for their own personal non-commercial use only. Uses beyond those allowed by the "fair use" limitations of US copyright law require the permission of the JNS Publishing Group, or the agent identified in this document In particular, permission must be obtained before any material from the print and online versions of the journals is reproduced in print or electronically and before multiple copies of any articles published in these journals are made.

No Generative AI Training Use.JNSPG reserves the rights, and no other party has rights to, without written permission, reproduce and/or otherwise use JNSPG content in any manner for purposes of training artificial intelligence technologies to generate text, including without limitation, technologies that are capable of generating works in the same style or genre as the Work, unless express written permission to do so is secured from JNSPG, or from the author of a work when an article is published under a Creative Commons license.

Being mindful of potential ethical issues, the JNS Publishing Group does not grant permission for use of any content in advertisements or advertising supplements or in any manner that would imply an endorsement of any product or service.

Compliance with PhRMA's "Code on Interactions with Healthcare Professionals", the FDA "Good Reprint Practices" and any other policies, laws or guidelines related to the use of our material in reprints, e-prints or new works is strictly the responsibility of the purchaser or user of the material. AANS, the JNS Publishing Group and its agent(s) are not responsible for the compliance of other parties.

• Material downloaded from JNSPG sites is for the personal, noncommercial use of a single individual only.
• Written permission must be obtained before any material JNSPG is reproduced/shared/hosted or used in any way.
• Linking to the journal, article, abstract or figure level is not permitted.
• The JNSPG does not grant permission for use of any content in advertisements or advertising supplements or in any manner that would imply an endorsement of any product or service.
• JNSPG material, in full or in part, whether located at this site, any other AANS or JNSPG site, or at any other third-party site, including PubMed and Medline, may not be used commercially or by any commercial organization in the form of RSS feeds or aggregation without permission or without a contract arrangement with an agent authorized to represent JNSPG.

Before proceeding please consider the question:Will my proposed use of the material be commercial or noncommercial in nature?

If, after review of the examples of commercial use, you are unsure whether or not your intended use of the material is commercial or noncommercial, please submit a query, with thorough details,here.

Examples of commercial use:

• Use in promotional literature
• Use in or with any material designed to enhance or develop or protect a brand, including a patent application or a legal brief.
• Use in communications with existing or potential investors, clients, customers or employees.
• Use by an author’s employer.
• Use for patient or physician education by a for-profit company
• Use in a product manual
• Use in a presentation with any commercial sponsorship or aspect
• Use in slides or handouts at a commercially-sponsored lecture
• Use in a commercially-sponsored CME course
• Use in a new work published by a commercial publisher is very often considered to be commercial use, depending on the publisher’s policies. Some publishers permit an author of the previously published work to use that material in a new journal article, regardless of whether the publisher of the new work is a commercial publisher.

请注意:所有subje商业使用请求ct to JNSPG policies identified within this document. In particular, commercial use may not be purchased through third party organizations, including through foreign rights organizations in other countries by any party. Foreign rights organizations sometimes present themselves as authorized by a publisher to extend commercial use rights, but publisher policies prevail. The safest way to comply with publisher policies is to follow guidelines offered on the publisher’s official site.