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Mixed germ cell tumor of the midbrain

Case report

Eun Jung Koh, Ji Hoon Phi, Sung-Hye Park, In-One Kim, Jung-Eun Cheon, Kyu-Chang Wang, Byung-Kyu Cho, and Seung-Ki Kim

This 14-year-old boy presented with left hemiparesis, gait disturbance, and multiple cranial nerve palsies. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a multicystic mass with hemorrhagic fluid–fluid levels in the right midbrain, suggesting the presence of a cavernous malformation. Diffusion tensor imaging showed the mass to be close to the right corticospinal tract and ipsilateral medial lemniscus. Subtotal removal of the mass was performed via a right subtemporal approach. The histopathological diagnosis was of a mixed germ cell tumor (GCT) comprising mature teratoma and germinoma cells with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells. The patient underwent postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and no tumor progression was found during 1 year of follow-up.

Intracranial GCTs arise mainly in the pineal and the suprasellar area. Germ cell tumors in the brainstem are rare, with only 12 reported cases. Among these, 4 were in the midbrain and histologically were pure germinomas. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a mixed GCT in the midbrain combining mature teratoma and germinoma cells.

In开云手机版app下载安装最新版神经外科杂志:儿科开云体育app官方网站下载入口Volume 4: Issue 2 (Aug 2009)

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Clinical outcomes of pediatric cerebral cavernous malformation: an analysis of 124 consecutive cases

Youngbo Shim, Ji Hoon Phi, Kyu-Chang Wang, Byung-Kyu Cho, Ji Yeoun Lee, Eun Jung Koh, Kyung Hyun Kim, Eun Jung Lee, Ki Joong Kim, and Seung-Ki Kim

OBJECTIVE

One-fourth of cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) patients are children, but studies on these patients are scarce. This study aimed to identify the clinical presentation of pediatric CCM patients and to investigate clinical outcomes according to the treatment modalities applied on the basis of our institution’s treatment strategy.

开云体育世界杯赔率

The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 124 pediatric CCM patients with a follow-up of more than 1 year from 2000 to 2019. They performed resection (n = 62) on lesions causing intractable seizure, rebleeding, or mass effect and observed the clinical courses of patients with lesions in deep or eloquent areas without persistent symptoms (n = 52). Radiosurgery (n = 10) was performed when the patient refused resection or strongly desired radiosurgery. The authors investigated the clinical characteristics, performance status (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score), and rebleeding rate at the 1-year and last follow-up examinations and compared these among 3 groups classified on the basis of treatment applied. The authors evaluated seizure outcomes at the 1-year and last follow-up examinations for the surgery (n = 32) and observation (n = 17) groups. Finally, the authors drew cumulative incidence curves for the discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for patients in the surgery (n = 30) and observation (n = 9) groups.

RESULTS

The 3 groups showed slight differences in initial symptoms, lesion locations, and rates of recent hemorrhage. The proportion of patients with improved mRS score at the 1-year follow-up was significantly greater in the surgery group than in the other groups (67% of the surgery group, 52% observation group, and 40% radiosurgery group; p = 0.078), as well as at the last follow-up (73% surgery group, 54% observation group, and 60% radiosurgery group; p = 0.097). The surgery group also had the lowest rebleeding rate during the follow-up period (2% surgery group, 11% observation group, and 20% radiosurgery group; p = 0.021). At the 1-year follow-up, the proportion of seizure-free patients without AEDs was significantly higher in the surgery group than the observation group (88% surgery group vs 53% observation group, p < 0.001), and similar results were obtained at the last follow-up (91% surgery group vs 56% observation group, p = 0.05). The 5-year AED-free rates for the surgery and observation groups were 94% and 50%, respectively, on the cumulative incidence curve (p = 0.049).

CONCLUSIONS

The clinical presentation of pediatric CCM patients was not significantly different from that of adult patients. Lesionectomy may be acceptable for pediatric CCM patients with indications of persistent seizures despite AED medications, rebleeding, and mass effects.

In开云手机版app下载安装最新版神经外科杂志:儿科开云体育app官方网站下载入口Volume 30: Issue 5 (Nov 2022)

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Surgical indication of pediatric Rathke’s cleft cyst based on a 20-year retrospective cohort

Jong Seok Lee, Yong Hwy Kim, Eun Jung Koh, Ji Hoon Phi, Ji Yeoun Lee, Kyung Hyun Kim, Kyu-Chang Wang, Jung-Eun Cheon, Sung-Hye Park, Young Ah Lee, Choong Ho Shin, and Seung-Ki Kim

OBJECTIVE

Rathke’s cleft cyst (RCC) is the most commonly encountered pituitary incidentaloma in children. Because RCC is not frequently diagnosed in children, there are few reports on pediatric RCCs. The natural course of the disease and appropriate treatments are still obscure. The present study aimed to elucidate the natural history and surgical indications of RCCs in children.

开云体育世界杯赔率

作者回顾了临床presentations, imaging features, ophthalmological evaluations, endocrine evaluations, and surgical outcomes of pediatric RCCs at a single institution from January 2000 to October 2022. Clinical outcomes between the surgery and observation groups were compared.

RESULTS

Among 93 patients, there were 41 patients in the surgery group and 52 patients in the observation group. The mean age at diagnosis was 10.9 years, and the mean follow-up period was 5.6 years. Headache fully or partially improved after surgery (86.2%), but the rate of improvement was not different from that of the observation group (70.0%). Ophthalmological abnormalities were effectively improved by surgical treatment (93.3%). Both the improvement and deterioration rates of endocrine abnormalities were significantly higher in the surgery group (p = 0.026 and p < 0.001, respectively), but the deterioration rate (43.9%) was higher than the improvement rate (14.6%). In the surgery group, the recurrence rate was 17.1% and the reoperation rate was 4.9%. Compared with total cyst wall resection, cyst fenestration with partial wall resection was associated with a higher recurrence rate (26.9%, p = 0.035) but a lower rate of endocrine abnormalities (30.8%, p = 0.049).

CONCLUSIONS

Pediatric RCCs of ≥ 10 mm in size were analyzed. Ophthalmological abnormalities are the major surgical indications for pediatric RCCs. Headache and partial endocrine abnormalities may be improved with surgery, but they are not absolute indications for surgery. Cyst fenestration with partial wall resection via an endoscopic endonasal approach is the most recommended surgical method. Follow-up is essential to monitor for the occurrence of visual field defects and the recurrence of cysts.

In开云手机版app下载安装最新版神经外科杂志:儿科开云体育app官方网站下载入口Publish Before Print

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Association between moyamoya syndrome and theRNF213c.14576G>A variant in patients with neurofibromatosis Type 1

Ji Hoon Phi, Jung Won Choi, Moon-Woo Seong, Tackeun Kim, Youn Joo Moon, Joongyub Lee, Eun Jung Koh, Seul Ki Ryu, Tae Hee Kang, Jae Seung Bang, Chang Wan Oh, Sung Sup Park, Ji Yeoun Lee, Kyu-Chang Wang, and Seung-Ki Kim

OBJECTIVE

In a minority of patients with neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF-1), cerebral vasculopathy reminiscent of moyamoya disease develops. This phenomenon is called moyamoya syndrome (MMS), but there are no known risk factors for the prediction of MMS in NF-1 patients. Polymorphism of theRNF213gene has exhibited strong associations with familial and sporadic moyamoya disease and other cerebral vasculopathies. The aim of this study is to find whether theRNF213c.14576G>A variant is associated with MMS development in the NF-1 population or not.

开云体育世界杯赔率

The MMS group included 16 NF-1 patients with documented MMS. The control group consisted of 97 NF-1 patients without MMS. Genomic DNA samples were obtained from the saliva or blood of both groups, and the presence of theRNF213c.14576G>A variant was assessed by Sanger sequencing.

RESULTS

In the MMS group, 3 patients had theRNF213c.14576G>A variant (18.7%), whereas no patients with this genetic variation were observed in the control group (0%). There was a meaningful association between theRNF213c.14576G>A variant and MMS development (p = 0.0024). The crude odds ratio was calculated as 50.57 (95% CI 1.57–1624.41). All 3 patients with MMS and the c.14576G>A variant were diagnosed with MMS at an early age and had bilateral involvement.

CONCLUSIONS

TheRNF213c.14576G>A variant is more common in NF-1 patients who develop MMS than in NF-1 patients without MMS. This variant might be a susceptibility gene for the NF-1–moyamoya connection.

In开云手机版app下载安装最新版神经外科杂志:儿科开云体育app官方网站下载入口Volume 17 (2016): Issue 6 (Jun 2016)

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