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Open access

Selective denervation for cervical dystonia

Megan M. J. Bauman, Nikita Lakomkin, and Robert J. Spinner

颈肌张力障碍(痉挛性斜颈)是一个骗局dition that involves sustained, involuntary contraction of neck and shoulder muscles, leading to abnormal movements and head posture. The authors present the case of a 41-year-old man with severe right rotational torticollis for 1.5 years due to predominant right cervical paraspinal and left sternocleidomastoid muscle hyperactivity. Following failed medical management, the patient elected to undergo surgical treatment for his torticollis. In their video, the authors discuss the steps of selective denervation using a modified Bertrand procedure, highlighting the associated anatomy and surgical planes. At the 1.5-year follow-up, the patient had no pain and his head position remained straight.

The video can be found here:https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2022.9.FOCVID2291

In神经外科焦点:视频体积8:问题1(1月2023): Regaining Function via Peripheral Nerve Surgery

Free access

A step toward equal representation? A cross-sectional analysis of the gender composition of neurosurgical editorial boards from 2000 to 2020

梅根·m·j·鲍曼金伯利Wang Archis R. Bhandarkar, Kristen M. Scheitler, and Michelle J. Clarke

OBJECTIVE

目前,女性占不到10%的东北urosurgeons in the US, despite representing approximately half of all medical students. Multiple barriers have been described for females entering the neurosurgical field, particularly academic neurosurgery. Understanding the environment that female neurosurgeons face and any potential barriers preventing career advancement is needed to recruit, promote, and retain females in neurosurgery.

开云体育世界杯赔率

The gender composition of editorial boards for 5 high-impact neurosurgery journals was analyzed from 2000 to 2020. The names of editorial board members were obtained directly from the journal administration, physical copies of the published journal, or publicly available data through each journal’s website. The gender, degrees, academic titles, H-index, and country were determined for each individual and statistical tests were performed to identify significant differences.

RESULTS

Of the 466 identified individuals that served on at least one editorial board between 2000 and 2020, there were 36 females (7.7%) and 430 males (92.3%). There were no significant differences between males and females serving on multiple editorial boards. Most females possessed an additional graduate degree (58.3%), while only one-third of males (33.5%) obtained such a degree (p = 0.002). In addition, males had significantly higher average H-indices than females (p = 0.002). These trends were also observed when analyzing only US-based editorial board members. Although females were more likely overall to be identified as associate professors, males were more likely to be appointed as full professors (p = 0.001); this trend did not remain true in the US-based cohort. When analyzing the editorial boards for individual journals, all 5 journals experienced an increase of female representation since 2000 or since their inception after 2000. The highest proportion of females for a single journal was 27.3% in 2020. All other journals ranged from 11.0% to 13.5% in 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

When entering the field of neurosurgery, females continue to face significant social and academic barriers. While the proportion of females on editorial boards for neurosurgery journals in 2020 is consistent with the proportion of practicing female neurosurgeons, there is a statistically significantly higher likelihood that females possess additional graduate degrees and lower H-indices compared to their male counterparts. The authors encourage neurosurgical journals to continue expanding female representation on editorial boards.

InJournal of Neurosurgery Volume 136: Issue 6 (Jun 2022)

Free access

Strategies, considerations, and recent advancements in the development of liquid biopsy for glioblastoma: a step towards individualized medicine in glioblastoma

Megan M. J. Bauman, Samantha M. Bouchal, Dileep D. Monie, Abudumijiti Aibaidula, Rohin Singh, and Ian F. Parney

OBJECTIVE

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devasting primary brain tumor with less than a 5% 5-year survival. Treatment response assessment can be challenging because of inflammatory pseudoprogression that mimics true tumor progression clinically and on imaging. Developing additional noninvasive assays is critical. In this article, the authors review various biomarkers that could be used in developing liquid biopsies for GBM, along with strengths, limitations, and future applications. In addition, they present a potential liquid biopsy design based on the use of an extracellular vesicle–based liquid biopsy targeting nonneoplastic extracellular vesicles.

开云体育世界杯赔率

The authors conducted a current literature review of liquid biopsy in GBM by searching the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Articles were assessed for type of biomarker, isolation methodology, analytical techniques, and clinical relevance.

RESULTS

Recent work has shown that liquid biopsies of plasma, blood, and/or CSF hold promise as noninvasive clinical tools that can be used to diagnose recurrence, assess treatment response, and predict patient outcomes in GBM. Liquid biopsy in GBM has focused primarily on extracellular vesicles, cell-free tumor nucleic acids, and whole-cell isolates as focal biomarkers. GBM tumor signatures have been generated via analysis of tumor gene mutations, unique RNA expression, and metabolic and proteomic alterations. Liquid biopsies capture tumor heterogeneity, identifying alterations in GBM tumors that may be undetectable via surgical biopsy specimens. Finally, biomarker burden can be used to assess treatment response and recurrence in GBM.

CONCLUSIONS

Liquid biopsy offers a promising avenue for monitoring treatment response and recurrence in GBM without invasive procedures. Although additional steps must be taken to bring liquid biopsy into the clinic, proof-of-principle studies and isolation methodologies are promising. Ultimately, CSF and/or plasma-based liquid biopsy is likely to be a powerful tool in the neurosurgeon’s arsenal in the near future for the treatment and management of GBM patients.

InNeurosurgical Focus Volume 53 (2022): Issue 6 (Dec 2022): Personalized Medicine in the Treatment of Neuro-Oncology and Neurosurgical Disease

Open access

Nocardia farcinicapituitary abscess in an immunocompetent patient: illustrative case

Kristen M. Scheitler, Megan M. J. Bauman, Lucas P. Carlstrom, Christopher S. Graffeo, and Fredric B. Meyer

BACKGROUND

Pituitary abscess is a rare clinical entity, typically precipitated byStaphylococcus,Pseudomonas, orAspergillusinfection. AlthoughNocardiaspecies–associated central nervous system abscesses have been documented in immunocompromised patients, no case ofNocardiapituitary abscesses has been previously reported.

OBSERVATIONS

A 44-year-old man presented with hemoptysis and was found to have a cavitary right lung nodule, which was presumed histoplasmosis, prompting antifungal treatment. Several months later, he developed panhypopituitarism. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a pituitary mass, which subsequently underwent transsphenoidal endoscopic biopsy. Infectious workup was negative, and the patient was discharged on intravenous ertapenem therapy. Over several months, he developed progressive headaches, and updated imaging confirmed interval enlargement of the mass with new cavernous sinus invasion. He underwent repeat endoscopic biopsy, which yielded positive cultures forNocardia farcinicaand prompted successful treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and linezolid.

LESSONS

The current study highlights a previously unreported clinical entity, the first pituitary abscess attributable toNocardiasp. orN. farcinica,which arose in a young, immunocompetent individual. Although rare, atypical infections represent an important component in the differential diagnosis for sellar mass lesions.

InJournal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons Volume 4 (2022): Issue 18 (Oct 2022)

Free access

Bone morphogenetic proteins in spine surgery: a scientometric analysis to date

Ali Shoushtari, Megan M. J. Bauman, Sulaman Durrani, Karim Rizwan Nathani, and Mohamad Bydon

OBJECTIVE

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are part of the transforming growth factor–beta superfamily and are involved in bone formation and repair. In spine surgery, recombinant human BMP (rhBMP) is used as an alternative to autografts for spinal fusions. This study aimed to evaluate bibliometric parameters and citations of the literature on BMPs to provide an overview of how the field has evolved.

开云体育世界杯赔率

A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted using Elsevier’s Scopus database to capture all the published and indexed studies relevant to BMPs from 1955 to the present. A discrete set of validated bibliometric parameters was extracted and analyzed. All statistical analyses were performed using R 4.1.1.

RESULTS

The 100 most cited articles were published between 1994 and 2018 by 472 unique authors in 40 sources (e.g., journals and books). On average, there were 279 citations per publication and 17.69 citations per publication per year. The United States had the publications with the most citations (n = 23,761), followed by Hong Kong (n = 580) and the United Kingdom (n = 490). The three institutions in the United States with the greatest number of publications in the field were Emory University (n = 14), Hughston Clinic (n = 9), Hospital for Special Surgery (n = 6), and University of California (n = 6).

CONCLUSIONS

The authors evaluated and characterized the 100 most cited articles about BMP. Most of the publications were clinical in nature and focused on BMP’s application in spine surgery. While early scientific efforts focused on basic science research to advance the understanding of BMP’s mechanism of action in promoting bone formation, the majority of the more recent publications are clinically focused. It will be beneficial to conduct more controlled clinical trials to compare the outcomes of BMP use with other methods.

InJournal of Neurosurgery: Spine Volume 39: Issue 2 (Aug 2023)

Free access

International trends in grant and fellowship funding awarded to women in neurosurgery

Kimberly Wang, Archis R. Bhandarkar, Megan M. J. Bauman, Cecile Riviere-Cazaux, Juliana Rotter, Kristen M. Scheitler, Jaclyn J. Renfrow, and Michelle J. Clarke

OBJECTIVE

Metric tracking of grant funding over time for academic neurosurgeons sorted by gender informs the current climate of career development internationally for women in neurosurgery.

开云体育世界杯赔率

Multivariate linear trend analysis of grant funding awarded to neurosurgeons in the NIH and World Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results (RePORTER) was performed. Traveling fellowships for international neurosurgery residents sponsored by the AANS and Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) were also analyzed.

RESULTS

Within the US, funding awarded to female neurosurgeons has remained static from 2009 to 2019 after adjusting for inflation and overall trends in NIH funding (β = −$0.3 million per year, p = 0.16). Internationally, female neurosurgeons represented 21.7% (n = 5) of project leads for World RePORTER grants. Traveling fellowships are also an important building block for young international female neurosurgeons, of which 7.4% (n = 2) of AANS international traveling fellowships and 19.4% (n = 7) of AANS/CNS pediatrics international traveling fellowships are women.

CONCLUSIONS

Over the past decade, funding has increased in neurosurgery without a concordant increase in funding awarded to women. Recognition of this trend is essential to focus efforts on research and career development opportunities for women in neurosurgery. Worldwide, female neurosurgeons head one-fifth of the funded project leads and constitute a minority of international traveling fellowships awarded by organized neurosurgery.

InNeurosurgical Focus Volume 50 (2021): Issue 3 (Mar 2021): International Women Leaders in Neurosurgery: Past and Present

Restricted access

Predicting disease progression and the need for tumor-directed treatment in tectal plate gliomas

Megan M. J. Bauman, Max B. Giesken, Ryan M. Naylor, Gesina F. Keating, Jonathan D. Schwartz, and David J. Daniels

OBJECTIVE

Tectal plate gliomas are rare, slow-growing tumors of the midbrain that are discovered predominantly in the pediatric population. Because of their indolent nature, treatment mainly consists of observation and management of hydrocephalus. Unfortunately, a subset of tectal gliomas may exhibit tumor enlargement and disease progression. Currently, there are no established guidelines for predicting future progression of tectal gliomas or the need for tumor-directed treatment. In this paper, the authors present a large case series of tectal plate gliomas with the aim of determining early indicators of tumor progression and the need for tumor-directed treatment in a pediatric population, along with providing their experience in treating progressive tumors.

开云体育世界杯赔率

回顾图对170例成岩作用osed with tectal plate glioma from a single institution, of whom 67 were pediatric patients (≤ 18 years of age), was performed. Univariate analysis was used to determine statistically significant predictors of symptomatic disease progression requiring eventual tumor-directed therapy.

RESULTS

The median patient age of the full cohort was 24 years (range 0–73 years). Compared with the pediatric population, the adult population had more instances of incidental lesions (p < 0.001) and lower rates of hydrocephalus (50% vs 84%, p < 0.001). Of the pediatric patients who had ≥ 5 years of follow-up (n = 51), 12 (24%) experienced radiological progression and 13 (25%) required treatment for their tumor. The 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year radiographic progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 98%, 90%, and 86%, respectively. In univariate analysis, lesion involvement of the pons, moderate T1 hypointensity, and moderate contrast enhancement on baseline radiology were significantly associated with worse radiographic PFS. Alternatively, significant predictors of requiring tumor-directed treatment included extraocular eye movement abnormalities at presentation, involvement of the lesion beyond the tectum on baseline radiology, moderate T1 hypointensity, moderate contrast enhancement, and an increase in total lesion size during progression. At the most recent follow-up, 94% of the patients had stable/nonprogressive disease, 2% had progressive disease, and 4% died of tumor progression.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients who demonstrate radiographic progression may not necessarily experience clinical/symptomatic progression or require tumor-directed treatment. Certain patient presentation characteristics and baseline radiographic features may be predictive of worse radiographic PFS or the need for future tumor-directed treatment in the pediatric population. Typically, the natural history of these lesions lends to excellent long-term survival, even in patients who experience clinical progression, should appropriate treatment be initiated.

InJournal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics Volume 32: Issue 3 (Sep 2023)

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