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Microsurgical treatment of tentorial dural fistulas causing thalamic venous hypertension: two illustrative sister cases

Gregory Glauser, Tracy M. Flanders, and Omar Choudhri

This video is a presentation of technical tenets for the microsurgical clipping of a tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula presenting with thalamic venous hypertension. These cases are easily misdiagnosed and often supplied by the tentorial artery of Davidoff and Schecter. The cases shown in the video uniquely illustrate a supracerebellar infratentorial approach to identify and clip an arterialized tentorial vein utilizing intraoperative Doppler and fluorescein, with navigation and an intraoperative cerebral angiogram in a hybrid neuroangiography operative suite. Both patients were found to have thalamic edema on preoperative imaging, which significantly improved postoperatively.

The video can be found here:https://youtu.be/HmUO6Ye53QI.

InNeurosurgical Focus Volume 46 (2019): Issue Suppl_2 (Apr 2019): Video Atlas - Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistula

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Neurobehavioral outcomes in patients with myelomeningocele

Sophie Foss, Tracy M. Flanders, Gregory G. Heuer, and Jane E. Schreiber

This paper describes some of the more common patterns in neurobehavioral deficits and their underlying neuroanatomical basis in myelomeningocele (MMC). Patients with MMC can face a lifetime of specific organ system dysfunction, chief among them spinal cord malformations, orthopedic issues, hydrocephalus, and urological disabilities. In addition, patients can experience specific patterns of neurobehavioral difficulties due to the changes in neuroanatomy associated with the open spinal defect. Although there is variability in these patterns, some trends have been described among MMC patients. It is thought that early recognition of these potential neurobehavioral deficits by treating neurosurgeons and other members of the treatment team could lead to earlier intervention and positively impact the overall outcome for patients. Neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral follow-up assessments are recommended to help guide planning for relevant treatments or accommodations.

InNeurosurgical Focus Volume 47 (2019): Issue 4 (Oct 2019): Spina Bifida

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Fully endoscopic microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm

Tracy M. Flanders, Rachel Blue, Sanford Roberts, Brendan J. McShane, Bryan Wilent, Vijay Tambi, Dmitriy Petrov, and John Y. K. Lee

OBJECTIVE

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by involuntary tonic and/or clonic contractions of facial nerve muscles. Fully endoscopic microvascular decompression (E-MVD) for HFS has not been widely adopted. This paper aims to illustrate the safety and efficacy of the fully endoscopic technique for HFS treatment.

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The authors conducted a single-center retrospective study of 27 patients (28 separate E-MVD cases; 1 patient had bilateral E-MVD) diagnosed with HFS who underwent fully E-MVD from January 2013 to October 2016. Intraoperative brainstem auditory evoked potentials and lateral spread resolution were reviewed. Outcome was based on the clinical status of the patient at the last contact point with the senior author. Complications were categorized as facial weakness, hearing loss, ataxia, dysphagia, or any adverse event able to be attributed to the surgical procedure.

RESULTS

HFS was relieved either completely or partially in the majority of cases (24 of 28, 85.7%). Of the 28 separate procedures, 17 (60.7%) resulted in complete resolution of symptoms, 4 (14.3%) resulted in near-complete resolution, 2 (7.1%) resulted in 50% reduction of symptoms, 1 (3.6%) resulted in minimal reduction, and 4 (14.3%) resulted in no relief. Of the 27 patients, 26 (96%) had no permanent postoperative complications. In multivariate logistic regression, the best predictor of greater than 50% resolution of spasm was resolution of intraoperative lateral spread response.

CONCLUSIONS

A fully E-MVD for HFS provides a safe and comprehensive view of the neurovascular conflict. Exclusive use of the endoscope in MVD is both safe and feasible in the treatment of HFS. Attention to lateral spread response monitoring remains an integral part of comprehensive neurosurgical management.

InJournal of Neurosurgery Volume 131: Issue 3 (Sep 2019)

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Neurological dysfunction of the bladder from myelomeningocele

Dana A. Weiss, Albert S. Lee, Tracy M. Flanders, Christopher J. Long, Jason P. van Batavia, Stephen A. Zderic, and Gregory G. Heuer

Myelomeningocele (MMC) affects approximately 2000 infants in the US yearly and causes long-term damage to the genitourinary system. There is a wide spectrum of effects on the bladder and urethral sphincter that do not correlate with the level of the spinal cord defect. The bladder changes can provide a safe storage pressure, often at the expense of continence, or can create a hostile environment leading to increased pressure on the kidneys and eventually to chronic kidney disease. The ultimate goals in management are to maintain a safe system that prevents renal deterioration, while providing social continence and independence in the long term. This review intends to provide an overview of the effects of MMC on the genitourinary system, regardless of intervention, in order to understand the pathophysiology of the disease.

InNeurosurgical Focus Volume 47 (2019): Issue 4 (Oct 2019): Spina Bifida

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Middle meningeal artery embolization in the management of chronic subdural hematoma in medically complex pediatric neurosurgical patients: technical note

Anne M. Coyle, Erin K. M. Graves, Shih-Shan Lang, Benjamin C. Kennedy, Tracy M. Flanders, Alexander M. Tucker, Phillip B. Storm, Anne Marie Cahill, Bryan A. Pukenas, and Peter J. Madsen

Middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization has gained acceptance as a treatment for chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) in adult patients but has not been well described in pediatric patients. Standard cSDH treatment has historically consisted of burr hole drainage with or without subdural drain placement. However, due to the high rate of recurrence and frequency of comorbidities within this population, as both pediatric and adult patients with cSDH frequently have concurrent cardiac disease and a need for anticoagulant therapies, MMA embolization has increasingly demonstrated its value as both an adjunctive and primary treatment. In this report, the authors present 3 cases of successful MMA embolization in medically complex children at a single institution. MMA embolization was used as a primary treatment modality and as an adjunctive therapy in the acute setting following surgical hematoma evacuation. Two patients were receiving anticoagulation treatment requiring reversal. Technical considerations specific to the pediatric population as well as those common to both the pediatric and adult populations are addressed. Further work is needed to define the optimal indications and outcomes for MMA embolization in children with cSDH.

In开云手机版app下载安装最新版神经外科杂志:儿科开云体育app官方网站下载入口Publish Before Print

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Enhanced recovery after elective spinal and peripheral nerve surgery: pilot study from a single institution

Zarina S. Ali, Tracy M. Flanders, Ali K. Ozturk, Neil R. Malhotra, Lena Leszinsky, Brendan J. McShane, Diana Gardiner, Kristin Rupich, H. Isaac Chen, James Schuster, Paul J. Marcotte, Michael J. Kallan, M. Sean Grady, Lee A. Fleisher, and William C. Welch

OBJECTIVE

加强手术后恢复(时代)协议ddress pre-, peri-, and postoperative factors of a patient’s surgical journey. The authors sought to assess the effects of a novel ERAS protocol on clinical outcomes for patients undergoing elective spine or peripheral nerve surgery.

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The authors conducted a prospective cohort analysis comparing clinical outcomes of patients undergoing elective spine or peripheral nerve surgery after implementation of the ERAS protocol compared to a historical control cohort in a tertiary care academic medical center. Patients in the historical cohort (September–December 2016) underwent traditional surgical care. Patients in the intervention group (April–June 2017) were enrolled in a unique ERAS protocol created by the Department of Neurosurgery at the University of Pennsylvania. Primary objectives were as follows: opioid and nonopioid pain medication consumption, need for opioid use at 1 month postoperatively, and patient-reported pain scores. Secondary objectives were as follows: mobilization and ambulation status, Foley catheter use, need for straight catheterization, length of stay, need for ICU admission, discharge status, and readmission within 30 days.

RESULTS

A total of 201 patients underwent surgical care via an ERAS protocol and were compared to a total of 74 patients undergoing traditional perioperative care (control group). The 2 groups were similar in baseline demographics. Intravenous opioid medications postoperatively via patient-controlled analgesia was nearly eliminated in the ERAS group (0.5% vs 54.1%, p < 0.001). This change was not associated with an increase in the average or daily pain scores in the ERAS group. At 1 month following surgery, a smaller proportion of patients in the ERAS group were using opioids (38.8% vs 52.7%, p = 0.041). The ERAS group demonstrated greater mobilization on postoperative day 0 (53.4% vs 17.1%, p < 0.001) and postoperative day 1 (84.1% vs 45.7%, p < 0.001) compared to the control group. Postoperative Foley use was decreased in the ERAS group (20.4% vs 47.3%, p < 0.001) without an increase in the rate of straight catheterization (8.1% vs 11.9%, p = 0.51).

CONCLUSIONS

Implementation of this novel ERAS pathway safely reduces patients’ postoperative opioid requirements during hospitalization and 1 month postoperatively. ERAS results in improved postoperative mobilization and ambulation.

InJournal of Neurosurgery: Spine Volume 30: Issue 4 (Apr 2019)

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Gastrostomy tube placement increases the risk of ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection: a multiinstitutional study

Wajd N. Al-Holou, Thomas J. Wilson, Zarina S. Ali, Ryan P. Brennan, Kelly J. Bridges, Tannaz Guivatchian, Ghaith Habboub, Ajit A. Krishnaney, Giuseppe Lanzino, Kendall A. Snyder, Tracy M. Flanders, Khoi D. Than, and Aditya S. Pandey

OBJECTIVE

Gastrostomy tube placement can temporarily seed the peritoneal cavity with bacteria and thus theoretically increases the risk of shunt infection when the two procedures are performed contemporaneously. The authors hypothesized that gastrostomy tube placement would not increase the risk of ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection. The object of this study was to test this hypothesis by utilizing a large patient cohort combined from multiple institutions.

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A retrospective study of all adult patients admitted to five institutions with a diagnosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage between January 2005 and January 2015 was performed. The primary outcome of interest was ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection. Variables, including gastrostomy tube placement, were tested for their association with this outcome. Standard statistical methods were utilized.

RESULTS

The overall cohort consisted of 432 patients, 47% of whom had undergone placement of a gastrostomy tube. The overall shunt infection rate was 9%. The only variable that predicted shunt infection was gastrostomy tube placement (p = 0.03, OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.07–4.08), which remained significant in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.04, OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.04–3.97). The greatest proportion of shunts that became infected had been placed more than 2 weeks (25%) and 1–2 weeks (18%) prior to gastrostomy tube placement, but the temporal relationship between shunt and gastrostomy was not a significant predictor of shunt infection.

CONCLUSIONS

胃造口术管位置显著增加the risk of ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection.

InJournal of Neurosurgery Volume 131: Issue 4 (Oct 2019)

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