颅内动脉瘤在新生儿中,出现在生命的前4周,是非常罕见的。他们似乎有一些特征,包括表现和位置,与成年人不同。作者提出了一例28天大的新生儿与破裂的远端大脑中动脉(MCA)动脉瘤。经囟门超声和CT初步无创成像证实肺实质内和蛛网膜下腔出血。增强MRI显示一个14毫米的破裂梭状MCA动脉瘤,在飞行时间磁共振血管造影(MRA)上未被发现。显微外科治疗神经功能部分恢复。对1949年至2017年的文献进行全面回顾,发现包括本病例在内的37例新生儿中共有40例动脉瘤。最常见的症状是癫痫发作。虽然蛛网膜下腔出血是最常见的出血形式,但40%有实质出血。动脉瘤中位大小为10mm(范围2 - 30mm),最常见的位置是MCA,三分之二的病例累及颅内远端血管。 Over the last 10 years, there has been a trend of increasing noninvasive diagnosis of ruptured cerebral aneurysms in neonates, with CT angiography and contrast-enhanced MRI being the most useful diagnostic modalities. The use of contrast-enhanced MRI may improve sensitivity over time-of-flight MRA. Microsurgical treatment was the most common treatment modality overall, with increased use of endovascular treatment in the last decade. Most patients underwent microsurgical vessel ligation or endovascular parent vessel occlusion. There were high rates of neurological recovery after microsurgical or endovascular treatment, particularly for patients with distal aneurysms.