Localization of clinically effective stimulating electrodes in the human subthalamic nucleus on magnetic resonance imaging
Jean A. Saint-Cyr
Jean A. Saint-Cyr
神经外科手术、部门;开云体育app官方网站下载入口Physiology; Medicine, Division of Neurology; and Medical Imaging, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Tasnuva Hoque
神经外科手术、部门;开云体育app官方网站下载入口Physiology; Medicine, Division of Neurology; and Medical Imaging, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Luiz C. M. Pereira
神经外科手术、部门;开云体育app官方网站下载入口Physiology; Medicine, Division of Neurology; and Medical Imaging, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Jonathan O. Dostrovsky
神经外科手术、部门;开云体育app官方网站下载入口Physiology; Medicine, Division of Neurology; and Medical Imaging, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
William D. Hutchison
神经外科手术、部门;开云体育app官方网站下载入口Physiology; Medicine, Division of Neurology; and Medical Imaging, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
David J. Mikulis
神经外科手术、部门;开云体育app官方网站下载入口Physiology; Medicine, Division of Neurology; and Medical Imaging, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Aviva Abosch
神经外科手术、部门;开云体育app官方网站下载入口Physiology; Medicine, Division of Neurology; and Medical Imaging, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Elspeth Sime
神经外科手术、部门;开云体育app官方网站下载入口Physiology; Medicine, Division of Neurology; and Medical Imaging, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Anthony E. Lang
神经外科手术、部门;开云体育app官方网站下载入口Physiology; Medicine, Division of Neurology; and Medical Imaging, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Andres M. Lozano
神经外科手术、部门;开云体育app官方网站下载入口Physiology; Medicine, Division of Neurology; and Medical Imaging, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Object.The authors sought to determine the location of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes that were most effective in treating Parkinson disease (PD).
Methods.Fifty-four DBS electrodes were localized in and adjacent to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) postoperatively by using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in a series of 29 patients in whom electrodes were implanted for the treatment of medically refractory PD, and for whom quantitative clinical assessments were available both pre- and postoperatively. A novel MR imaging sequence was developed that optimized visualization of the STN. The coordinates of the tips of these electrodes were calculated three dimensionally and the results were normalized and corrected for individual differences by using intraoperative neurophysiological data (mean 5.13 mm caudal to the midcommissural point [MCP], 8.46 mm inferior to the anterior commissure—posterior commissure [AC—PC], and 10.2 mm lateral to the midline).
尽管报道失真的担忧MR image, reconstructions provided consistent data for the localization of electrodes. The neurosurgical procedures used, which were guided by combined neuroimaging and neurophysiological methods, resulted in the consistent placement of DBS electrodes in the subthalamus and mesencephalon such that the electrode contacts passed through the STN and dorsally adjacent fields of Forel (FF) and zona incerta (ZI). The mean location of the clinically effective contacts was in the anterodorsal STN (mean 1.62 mm posterior to the MCP, 2.47 mm inferior to the AC—PC, and 11.72 mm lateral to the midline). Clinically effective stimulation was most commonly directed at the anterodorsal STN, with the current spreading into the dorsally adjacent FF and ZI.
Conclusions.The anatomical localization of clinically effective electrode contacts provided in this study yields useful information for the postoperative programming of DBS electrodes.
Address reprint requests to:Jean A. Saint-Cyr, Ph.D., Morton and Gloria Shulman Centre for Movement Disorders, Toronto Western Hospital, MP 11–304, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S8, Canada. email:jean@uhnres.utoronto.ca.
AboschA,,HutchisonWD,＆Saint-CyrJA,et al:Movement-related neurons of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with Parkinson disease.J Neurosurg97:1167- - - - - -1172,2002Abosch A, Hutchison WD, Saint-Cyr JA, et al: Movement-related neurons of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with Parkinson disease.J Neurosurg 97:1167–1172, 2002
Abosch
A
,
Hutchison
WD
,
Saint-Cyr
JA
,
et al
:
Movement-related neurons of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with Parkinson disease.J Neurosurg
97
:
1167
- - - - - -
1172
,
2002
Abosch A, Hutchison WD, Saint-Cyr JA, et al: Movement-related neurons of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with Parkinson disease.
J Neurosurg 97:1167–1172, 2002
10.3171/jns.2002.97.5.1167)| false
AbsherJR,,VogtBA,＆ClarkDG,et al:Hypersexuality and hemiballism due to subthalamic infarction.Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol13:220- - - - - -229,2000Absher JR, Vogt BA, Clark DG, et al: Hypersexuality and hemiballism due to subthalamic infarction.Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 13:220–229, 2000
Absher
JR
,
Vogt
BA
,
Clark
DG
,
et al
:
Hypersexuality and hemiballism due to subthalamic infarction.Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol
13
:
220
- - - - - -
229
,
2000
Absher JR, Vogt BA, Clark DG, et al: Hypersexuality and hemiballism due to subthalamic infarction.
Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 13:220–229, 2000)| false
AlexanderEIII,,KooyHM,＆van HerkM,et al:磁共振image-directed立体定向神经膜rosurgery: use of image fusion with computerized tomography to enhance spatial accuracy.J Neurosurg83:271- - - - - -276,1995Alexander E III, Kooy HM, van Herk M, et al: Magnetic resonance image-directed stereotactic neurosurgery: use of image fusion with computerized tomography to enhance spatial accuracy.J Neurosurg 83:271–276, 1995
Alexander
E
III
,
Kooy
HM
,
van Herk
M
,
et al
:
磁共振image-directed立体定向神经膜rosurgery: use of image fusion with computerized tomography to enhance spatial accuracy.J Neurosurg
83
:
271
- - - - - -
276
,
1995
Alexander E III, Kooy HM, van Herk M, et al: Magnetic resonance image-directed stereotactic neurosurgery: use of image fusion with computerized tomography to enhance spatial accuracy.
J Neurosurg 83:271–276, 1995
10.3171/jns.1995.83.2.0271)| false
AndoN,,IzawaY,＆ShinodaY:Relative contributions of thalamic reticular nucleus neurons and intrinsic interneurons to inhibition of thalamic neurons projecting to the motor cortex.J Neurophysiol73:2470- - - - - -2485,1995Ando N, Izawa Y, Shinoda Y: Relative contributions of thalamic reticular nucleus neurons and intrinsic interneurons to inhibition of thalamic neurons projecting to the motor cortex.J Neurophysiol 73:2470–2485, 1995
Ando
N
,
Izawa
Y
,
Shinoda
Y
:
Relative contributions of thalamic reticular nucleus neurons and intrinsic interneurons to inhibition of thalamic neurons projecting to the motor cortex.J Neurophysiol
73
:
2470
- - - - - -
2485
,
1995
Ando N, Izawa Y, Shinoda Y: Relative contributions of thalamic reticular nucleus neurons and intrinsic interneurons to inhibition of thalamic neurons projecting to the motor cortex.
J Neurophysiol 73:2470–2485, 1995
10.1152/jn.1995.73.6.2470)| false
ArdouinC,,PillonB,＆PeifferE,et al:Bilateral subthalamic or pallidal stimulation for Parkinson's disease affects neither memory nor executive functions: a consecutive series of 62 patients.Ann Neurol46:217- - - - - -223,1999Ardouin C, Pillon B, Peiffer E, et al: Bilateral subthalamic or pallidal stimulation for Parkinson's disease affects neither memory nor executive functions: a consecutive series of 62 patients.Ann Neurol 46:217–223, 1999
Ardouin
C
,
Pillon
B
,
Peiffer
E
,
et al
:
Bilateral subthalamic or pallidal stimulation for Parkinson's disease affects neither memory nor executive functions: a consecutive series of 62 patients.Ann Neurol
46
:
217
- - - - - -
223
,
1999
Ardouin C, Pillon B, Peiffer E, et al: Bilateral subthalamic or pallidal stimulation for Parkinson's disease affects neither memory nor executive functions: a consecutive series of 62 patients.
Ann Neurol 46:217–223, 1999
10.1002/1531-8249(199908)46:2<217::AID-ANA11>3.0.CO;2-Z)| false
AshbyP:What does stimulation in the brain actually do?inLozanoAM(ed):Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol 15. Movement Disorder Surgery.Basel:Karger,2000, pp236- - - - - -245Ashby P: What does stimulation in the brain actually do? in Lozano AM (ed):Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol 15. Movement Disorder Surgery.Basel: Karger, 2000, pp 236–245
Ashby
P
:
What does stimulation in the brain actually do?
in
Lozano
AM
(ed):Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol 15. Movement Disorder Surgery.
Basel
:
Karger
,
2000
, pp
236
- - - - - -
245
Ashby P: What does stimulation in the brain actually do? in Lozano AM (ed):
Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol 15. Movement Disorder Surgery.Basel: Karger, 2000, pp 236–245)| false
Aziz
TZ
,
Peggs
D
,
Agarwal
E
,
et al
:
Subthalamic nucleotomy alleviates parkinsonism in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-exposed primate.Br J Neurosurg
6
:
575
- - - - - -
582
,
1992
Aziz TZ, Peggs D, Agarwal E, et al: Subthalamic nucleotomy alleviates parkinsonism in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-exposed primate.
Br J Neurosurg 6:575–582, 1992
10.3109/02688699209002375)| false
BaronMS,,SidibeM,＆DeLongMR,et al:Course of motor and associative pallidothalamic projections in monkeys.J Comp Neurol429:490- - - - - -501,2001Baron MS, Sidibe M, DeLong MR, et al: Course of motor and associative pallidothalamic projections in monkeys.J Comp Neurol 429:490–501, 2001
Baron
MS
,
Sidibe
M
,
DeLong
MR
,
et al
:
Course of motor and associative pallidothalamic projections in monkeys.J Comp Neurol
429
:
490
- - - - - -
501
,
2001
Baron MS, Sidibe M, DeLong MR, et al: Course of motor and associative pallidothalamic projections in monkeys.
J Comp Neurol 429:490–501, 2001
10.1002/1096-9861(20010115)429:3<490::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-K)| false
BaronMS,,WichmannT,＆MaD,et al:Effects of transient focal inactivation of the basal ganglia in parkinsonian primates.J Neurosci22:592- - - - - -599,2002马女士男爵,Wichmann T, D, et al: tran的影响sient focal inactivation of the basal ganglia in parkinsonian primates.J Neurosci 22:592–599, 2002
Baron
MS
,
Wichmann
T
,
Ma
D
,
et al
:
Effects of transient focal inactivation of the basal ganglia in parkinsonian primates.J Neurosci
22
:
592
- - - - - -
599
,
2002
马女士男爵,Wichmann T, D, et al: tran的影响sient focal inactivation of the basal ganglia in parkinsonian primates.
J Neurosci 22:592–599, 2002
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-02-00592.2002)| false
Bejjani
BP
,
Damier
P
,
Arnulf
I
,
et al
:
Transient acute depression induced by high-frequency deep-brain stimulation.N Engl J Med
340
:
1476
- - - - - -
1480
,
1999
Bejjani BP, Damier P, Arnulf I, et al: Transient acute depression induced by high-frequency deep-brain stimulation.
N Engl J Med 340:1476–1480, 1999
10.1056/NEJM199905133401905)| false
BejjaniBP,,DormontD,＆PidouxB,et al:Bilateral subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson's disease by using three-dimensional stereotactic magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological guidance.J Neurosurg92:615- - - - - -625,2000Bejjani BP, Dormont D, Pidoux B, et al: Bilateral subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson's disease by using three-dimensional stereotactic magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological guidance.J Neurosurg 92:615–625, 2000
Bejjani
BP
,
Dormont
D
,
Pidoux
B
,
et al
:
Bilateral subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson's disease by using three-dimensional stereotactic magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological guidance.J Neurosurg
92
:
615
- - - - - -
625
,
2000
Bejjani BP, Dormont D, Pidoux B, et al: Bilateral subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson's disease by using three-dimensional stereotactic magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological guidance.
J Neurosurg 92:615–625, 2000
10.3171/jns.2000.92.4.0615)| false
BenabidAL,,KoudsieA,＆BenazzouzA,et al:Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation, inLozanoAM(ed):Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol 15. Movement Disorder Surgery.Basel:Karger,2000, pp196- - - - - -226Benabid AL, Koudsie A, Benazzouz A, et al: Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation, in Lozano AM (ed):Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol 15. Movement Disorder Surgery.Basel: Karger, 2000, pp 196–226
Benabid
AL
,
Koudsie
A
,
Benazzouz
A
,
et al
:
Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation
, in
Lozano
AM
(ed):Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol 15. Movement Disorder Surgery.
Basel
:
Karger
,
2000
, pp
196
- - - - - -
226
Benabid AL, Koudsie A, Benazzouz A, et al: Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation, in Lozano AM (ed):
Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol 15. Movement Disorder Surgery.Basel: Karger, 2000, pp 196–226)| false
BenabidAL,,PollakP,＆GaoD,et al:Chronic electrical stimulation of the ventralis intermedius nucleus of the thalamus as a treatment of movement disorders.J Neurosurg84:203- - - - - -214,1996Benabid AL, Pollak P, Gao D, et al: Chronic electrical stimulation of the ventralis intermedius nucleus of the thalamus as a treatment of movement disorders.J Neurosurg 84:203–214, 1996
Benabid
AL
,
Pollak
P
,
Gao
D
,
et al
:
Chronic electrical stimulation of the ventralis intermedius nucleus of the thalamus as a treatment of movement disorders.J Neurosurg
84
:
203
- - - - - -
214
,
1996
Benabid AL, Pollak P, Gao D, et al: Chronic electrical stimulation of the ventralis intermedius nucleus of the thalamus as a treatment of movement disorders.
J Neurosurg 84:203–214, 1996
10.3171/jns.1996.84.2.0203)| false
BenazzouzA,,GaoDM,＆NiZG,et al:Effect of high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on the neuronal activities of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus in the rat.Neuroscience99:289- - - - - -295,2000Benazzouz A, Gao DM, Ni ZG, et al: Effect of high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on the neuronal activities of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus in the rat.Neuroscience 99:289–295, 2000
Benazzouz
A
,
Gao
DM
,
Ni
ZG
,
et al
:
Effect of high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on the neuronal activities of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus in the rat.Neuroscience
99
:
289
- - - - - -
295
,
2000
Benazzouz A, Gao DM, Ni ZG, et al: Effect of high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on the neuronal activities of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus in the rat.
Neuroscience 99:289–295, 2000
10.1016/S0306-4522(00)00199-8)| false
BenazzouzA,＆HallettM:Mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation.Neurology55(Suppl 6):S13- - - - - -S16,2000Benazzouz A, Hallett M: Mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation.Neurology 55 (Suppl 6):S13–S16, 2000
Benazzouz
A
,
Hallett
M
:
Mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation.Neurology
55
(Suppl 6)
:
S13
- - - - - -
S16
,
2000
Benazzouz A, Hallett M: Mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation.
Neurology 55 (Suppl 6):S13–S16, 2000)| false
BergmanH,,WichmannT,＆DeLongMR:Reversal of experimental parkinsonism by lesions of the subthalamic nucleus.Science249:1436- - - - - -1438,1990Bergman H, Wichmann T, DeLong MR: Reversal of experimental parkinsonism by lesions of the subthalamic nucleus.Science 249:1436–1438, 1990
BurchielKJ,,NguyenTT,＆CoombsBD,et al:MRI distortion and stereotactic neurosurgery using the Cosman-Roberts-Wells and Leksell frames.Stereotact Funct Neurosurg66:123- - - - - -136,1996Burchiel KJ, Nguyen TT, Coombs BD, et al: MRI distortion and stereotactic neurosurgery using the Cosman-Roberts-Wells and Leksell frames.Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 66:123–136, 1996
Caparros-LefebvreD,,BlondS,＆FeltinMP,et al:Improvement of levodopa induced dyskinesias by thalamic deep brain stimulation is related to slight variation in electrode placement: possible involvement of the centre median and parafascicularis complex.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry67:308- - - - - -314,1999Caparros-Lefebvre D, Blond S, Feltin MP, et al: Improvement of levodopa induced dyskinesias by thalamic deep brain stimulation is related to slight variation in electrode placement: possible involvement of the centre median and parafascicularis complex.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 67:308–314, 1999
Caparros-Lefebvre
D
,
Blond
S
,
Feltin
MP
,
et al
:
Improvement of levodopa induced dyskinesias by thalamic deep brain stimulation is related to slight variation in electrode placement: possible involvement of the centre median and parafascicularis complex.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
67
:
308
- - - - - -
314
,
1999
Caparros-Lefebvre D, Blond S, Feltin MP, et al: Improvement of levodopa induced dyskinesias by thalamic deep brain stimulation is related to slight variation in electrode placement: possible involvement of the centre median and parafascicularis complex.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 67:308–314, 1999
10.1136/jnnp.67.3.308)| false
DemeterS,,RingoJL,＆DotyRW:Morphometric analysis of the human corpus callosum and anterior commissure.Hum Neurobiol6:219- - - - - -226,1988Demeter S, Ringo JL, Doty RW: Morphometric analysis of the human corpus callosum and anterior commissure.Hum Neurobiol 6:219–226, 1988
Demeter
S
,
Ringo
JL
,
Doty
RW
:
Morphometric analysis of the human corpus callosum and anterior commissure.Hum Neurobiol
6
:
219
- - - - - -
226
,
1988
Demeter S, Ringo JL, Doty RW: Morphometric analysis of the human corpus callosum and anterior commissure.
Hum Neurobiol 6:219–226, 1988)| false
FahnS,＆EltonRL,Members of the UPDRS Development Committee:Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, inFahnS,,MarsdenCD,＆GoldsteinM,et al(eds):Recent Developments in Parkinson's Disease.Florham Park, NJ:Macmillan Healthcare Information,1987, Vol2, pp153- - - - - -163Fahn S, Elton RL, Members of the UPDRS Development Committee: Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, in Fahn S, Marsden CD, Goldstein M, et al (eds):Recent Developments in Parkinson's Disease.Florham Park, NJ: Macmillan Healthcare Information, 1987, Vol 2, pp 153–163
Fahn
S
,
Elton
RL
,
Members of the UPDRS Development Committee
:
Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale
, in
Fahn
S
,
Marsden
CD
,
Goldstein
M
,
et al
(eds):Recent Developments in Parkinson's Disease.
Florham Park, NJ
:
Macmillan Healthcare Information
,
1987
, Vol
2
, pp
153
- - - - - -
163
Fahn S, Elton RL, Members of the UPDRS Development Committee: Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, in Fahn S, Marsden CD, Goldstein M, et al (eds):
Recent Developments in Parkinson's Disease.Florham Park, NJ: Macmillan Healthcare Information, 1987, Vol 2, pp 153–163)| false
FilionM,,TremblayL,＆Bédard,PJ:Abnormal influences of passive limb movement on the activity of globus pallidus neurons in parkinsonian monkeys.Brain Res444:165- - - - - -176,1988Filion M, Tremblay L, Bédard, PJ: Abnormal influences of passive limb movement on the activity of globus pallidus neurons in parkinsonian monkeys.Brain Res 444:165–176, 1988
Filion
M
,
Tremblay
L
,
Bédard
,
PJ
:
Abnormal influences of passive limb movement on the activity of globus pallidus neurons in parkinsonian monkeys.Brain Res
444
:
165
- - - - - -
176
,
1988
Filion M, Tremblay L, Bédard, PJ: Abnormal influences of passive limb movement on the activity of globus pallidus neurons in parkinsonian monkeys.
Brain Res 444:165–176, 1988
10.1016/0006-8993(88)90924-9)| false
FilionM,,TremblayL,＆MatsumuraM,et al:Focalisation dynamique de la convergence informationnelle dans les noyaux gris centraux.Rev Neurol150:627- - - - - -633,1994Filion M, Tremblay L, Matsumura M, et al: Focalisation dynamique de la convergence informationnelle dans les noyaux gris centraux.Rev Neurol 150:627–633, 1994
Filion
M
,
Tremblay
L
,
Matsumura
M
,
et al
:
Focalisation dynamique de la convergence informationnelle dans les noyaux gris centraux.Rev Neurol
150
:
627
- - - - - -
633
,
1994
Filion M, Tremblay L, Matsumura M, et al: Focalisation dynamique de la convergence informationnelle dans les noyaux gris centraux.
Rev Neurol 150:627–633, 1994)| false
FitzGibbonT,,SolomonSG,＆GoodchildAK:Distribution of calbindin, parvalbumin, and calretinin immunoreactivity in the reticular thalamic nucleus of the marmoset: evidence for a medial leaflet of incertal neurons.Exp Neurol164:371- - - - - -383,2000FitzGibbon T, Solomon SG, Goodchild AK: Distribution of calbindin, parvalbumin, and calretinin immunoreactivity in the reticular thalamic nucleus of the marmoset: evidence for a medial leaflet of incertal neurons.Exp Neurol 164:371–383, 2000
FitzGibbon
T
,
Solomon
SG
,
Goodchild
AK
:
Distribution of calbindin, parvalbumin, and calretinin immunoreactivity in the reticular thalamic nucleus of the marmoset: evidence for a medial leaflet of incertal neurons.Exp Neurol
164
:
371
- - - - - -
383
,
2000
FitzGibbon T, Solomon SG, Goodchild AK: Distribution of calbindin, parvalbumin, and calretinin immunoreactivity in the reticular thalamic nucleus of the marmoset: evidence for a medial leaflet of incertal neurons.
Exp Neurol 164:371–383, 2000
10.1006/exnr.2000.7436)| false
ForsterA,,EljamelMS,＆VarmaTR,et al:Audit of neurophysiological recording during movement disorder surgery.Stereotact Funct Neurosurg72:154- - - - - -156,1999Forster A, Eljamel MS, Varma TR, et al: Audit of neurophysiological recording during movement disorder surgery.Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 72:154–156, 1999
Forster
A
,
Eljamel
MS
,
Varma
TR
,
et al
:
Audit of neurophysiological recording during movement disorder surgery.Stereotact Funct Neurosurg
72
:
154
- - - - - -
156
,
1999
Forster A, Eljamel MS, Varma TR, et al: Audit of neurophysiological recording during movement disorder surgery.
Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 72:154–156, 1999
10.1159/000029719)| false
FrançoisC,,SavyC,＆JanC,et al:Dopaminergic innervation of the subthalamic nucleus in the normal state, in MPTP-treated monkeys, and in Parkinson's disease patients.J Comp Neurol425:121- - - - - -129,2000François C, Savy C, Jan C, et al: Dopaminergic innervation of the subthalamic nucleus in the normal state, in MPTP-treated monkeys, and in Parkinson's disease patients.J Comp Neurol 425:121–129, 2000
François
C
,
Savy
C
,
Jan
C
,
et al
:
Dopaminergic innervation of the subthalamic nucleus in the normal state, in MPTP-treated monkeys, and in Parkinson's disease patients.J Comp Neurol
425
:
121
- - - - - -
129
,
2000
François C, Savy C, Jan C, et al: Dopaminergic innervation of the subthalamic nucleus in the normal state, in MPTP-treated monkeys, and in Parkinson's disease patients.
J Comp Neurol 425:121–129, 2000
10.1002/1096-9861(20000911)425:1<121::AID-CNE10>3.0.CO;2-G)| false
GuridiJ,＆ObesoJA:The subthalamic nucleus, hemiballismus and Parkinson's disease: reappraisal of a neurosurgical dogma.Brain124:5- - - - - -19,2001Guridi J, Obeso JA: The subthalamic nucleus, hemiballismus and Parkinson's disease: reappraisal of a neurosurgical dogma.Brain 124:5–19, 2001
GuridiJ,,Rodriguez-OrozMC,＆LozanoAM,et al:Targeting the basal ganglia for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.Neurology55(Suppl 6):S21- - - - - -S28,2000Guridi J, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Lozano AM, et al: Targeting the basal ganglia for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.Neurology 55 (Suppl 6):S21–S28, 2000
Guridi
J
,
Rodriguez-Oroz
MC
,
Lozano
AM
,
et al
:
Targeting the basal ganglia for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.Neurology
55
(Suppl 6)
:
S21
- - - - - -
S28
,
2000
Guridi J, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Lozano AM, et al: Targeting the basal ganglia for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.
Neurology 55 (Suppl 6):S21–S28, 2000)| false
HarizMI,＆BergenheimAT:Clinical evaluation of computed tomography-guided versus ventriculography-guided thalamotomy for movement disorders.Acta Neurochir Suppl58:53- - - - - -55,1993Hariz MI, Bergenheim AT: Clinical evaluation of computed tomography-guided versus ventriculography-guided thalamotomy for movement disorders.Acta Neurochir Suppl 58:53–55, 1993
Hariz
MI
,
Bergenheim
AT
:
Clinical evaluation of computed tomography-guided versus ventriculography-guided thalamotomy for movement disorders.Acta Neurochir Suppl
58
:
53
- - - - - -
55
,
1993
Hariz MI, Bergenheim AT: Clinical evaluation of computed tomography-guided versus ventriculography-guided thalamotomy for movement disorders.
Acta Neurochir Suppl 58:53–55, 1993)| false
HarizMI,,BergenheimAT,＆FodstadH:Air-ventriculography provokes an anterior displacement of the third ventricle during functional stereotactic procedures.Acta Neurochir123:147- - - - - -152,1993Hariz MI, Bergenheim AT, Fodstad H: Air-ventriculography provokes an anterior displacement of the third ventricle during functional stereotactic procedures.Acta Neurochir 123:147–152, 1993
Hariz
MI
,
Bergenheim
AT
,
Fodstad
H
:
Air-ventriculography provokes an anterior displacement of the third ventricle during functional stereotactic procedures.Acta Neurochir
123
:
147
- - - - - -
152
,
1993
Hariz MI, Bergenheim AT, Fodstad H: Air-ventriculography provokes an anterior displacement of the third ventricle during functional stereotactic procedures.
Acta Neurochir 123:147–152, 1993
10.1007/BF01401871)| false
HarizMI,＆FodstadH:Do microelectrode techniques increase accuracy or decrease risks in pallidotomy and deep brain stimulation? A critical review of the literature.Stereotact Funct Neurosurg72:157- - - - - -169,1999Hariz MI , Fodstad H: Do microelectrode techniques increase accuracy or decrease risks in pallidotomy and deep brain stimulation? A critical review of the literature.Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 72:157–169, 1999
Hariz
MI
,
Fodstad
H
:
Do microelectrode techniques increase accuracy or decrease risks in pallidotomy and deep brain stimulation? A critical review of the literature.Stereotact Funct Neurosurg
72
:
157
- - - - - -
169
,
1999
Hariz MI , Fodstad H: Do microelectrode techniques increase accuracy or decrease risks in pallidotomy and deep brain stimulation? A critical review of the literature.
Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 72:157–169, 1999
10.1159/000029720)| false
HirabayashiH,,HarizMI,＆FagerlundM:Comparison between stereotactic CT and MRI coordinates of pallidal and thalamic targets using the Laitinen noninvasive stereoadapter.Stereotact Funct Neurosurg71:117- - - - - -130,1998Hirabayashi H, Hariz MI, Fagerlund M: Comparison between stereotactic CT and MRI coordinates of pallidal and thalamic targets using the Laitinen noninvasive stereoadapter.Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 71:117–130, 1998
Hirabayashi
H
,
Hariz
MI
,
Fagerlund
M
:
Comparison between stereotactic CT and MRI coordinates of pallidal and thalamic targets using the Laitinen noninvasive stereoadapter.Stereotact Funct Neurosurg
71
:
117
- - - - - -
130
,
1998
Hirabayashi H, Hariz MI, Fagerlund M: Comparison between stereotactic CT and MRI coordinates of pallidal and thalamic targets using the Laitinen noninvasive stereoadapter.
Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 71:117–130, 1998
10.1159/000029655)| false
HoltzheimerPEIII,,RobertsDW,＆DarceyTM:Magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography for target localization in functional stereotactic neurosurgery.开云体育app官方网站下载入口45:290- - - - - -298,1999Holtzheimer PE III, Roberts DW, Darcey TM: Magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography for target localization in functional stereotactic neurosurgery.Neurosurgery 45:290–298, 1999
Holtzheimer
PE
III
,
Roberts
DW
,
Darcey
TM
:
Magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography for target localization in functional stereotactic neurosurgery.开云体育app官方网站下载入口
45
:
290
- - - - - -
298
,
1999
Holtzheimer PE III, Roberts DW, Darcey TM: Magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography for target localization in functional stereotactic neurosurgery.
Neurosurgery 45:290–298, 1999
10.1097/00006123-199908000-00018)| false
HouserCR,,VaughnJE,＆BarberRP,et al:GABA neurons are the major cell type of the nucleus reticularis thalami.Brain Res200:341- - - - - -354,1980Houser CR, Vaughn JE, Barber RP, et al: GABA neurons are the major cell type of the nucleus reticularis thalami.Brain Res 200:341–354, 1980
Houser
CR
,
Vaughn
JE
,
Barber
RP
,
et al
:
GABA neurons are the major cell type of the nucleus reticularis thalami.Brain Res
200
:
341
- - - - - -
354
,
1980
Houser CR, Vaughn JE, Barber RP, et al: GABA neurons are the major cell type of the nucleus reticularis thalami.
Brain Res 200:341–354, 1980
10.1016/0006-8993(80)90925-7)| false
HutchisonWD,,AllanRJ,＆OpitzH,et al:Neurophysiological identification of the subthalamic nucleus in surgery for Parkinson's disease.Ann Neurol44:622- - - - - -628,1998Hutchison WD, Allan RJ, Opitz H, et al: Neurophysiological identification of the subthalamic nucleus in surgery for Parkinson's disease.Ann Neurol 44:622–628, 1998
Hutchison
WD
,
Allan
RJ
,
Opitz
H
,
et al
:
Neurophysiological identification of the subthalamic nucleus in surgery for Parkinson's disease.Ann Neurol
44
:
622
- - - - - -
628
,
1998
Hutchison WD, Allan RJ, Opitz H, et al: Neurophysiological identification of the subthalamic nucleus in surgery for Parkinson's disease.
Ann Neurol 44:622–628, 1998
10.1002/ana.410440407)| false
HutchisonWD,＆LozanoAM:Microelectrode recordings in movement disorder surgery, inLozanoAM(ed):Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol 15. Movement Disorder Surgery.Basel:Karger,2000, pp103- - - - - -117Hutchison WD, Lozano AM: Microelectrode recordings in movement disorder surgery, in Lozano AM (ed):Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol 15. Movement Disorder Surgery.Basel: Karger, 2000, pp 103–117
Hutchison
WD
,
Lozano
AM
:
Microelectrode recordings in movement disorder surgery
, in
Lozano
AM
(ed):Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol 15. Movement Disorder Surgery.
Basel
:
Karger
,
2000
, pp
103
- - - - - -
117
Hutchison WD, Lozano AM: Microelectrode recordings in movement disorder surgery, in Lozano AM (ed):
Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol 15. Movement Disorder Surgery.Basel: Karger, 2000, pp 103–117)| false
HutchisonWD,,LozanoAM,＆DavisKD,et al:Differential neuronal activity in segments of globus pallidus in Parkinson's disease patients.Neuroreport5:1533- - - - - -1537,1994Hutchison WD, Lozano AM, Davis KD, et al: Differential neuronal activity in segments of globus pallidus in Parkinson's disease patients.Neuroreport 5:1533–1537, 1994
InaseM,,TokunoH,＆NambuA,et al:Corticostriatal and corticosubthalamic input zones from the presupplementary motor area in the macaque monkey: comparison with the input zones from the supplementary motor area.Brain Res833:191- - - - - -201,1999Inase M, Tokuno H, Nambu A, et al: Corticostriatal and corticosubthalamic input zones from the presupplementary motor area in the macaque monkey: comparison with the input zones from the supplementary motor area.Brain Res 833:191–201, 1999
Inase
M
,
Tokuno
H
,
Nambu
A
,
et al
:
Corticostriatal and corticosubthalamic input zones from the presupplementary motor area in the macaque monkey: comparison with the input zones from the supplementary motor area.Brain Res
833
:
191
- - - - - -
201
,
1999
Inase M, Tokuno H, Nambu A, et al: Corticostriatal and corticosubthalamic input zones from the presupplementary motor area in the macaque monkey: comparison with the input zones from the supplementary motor area.
Brain Res 833:191–201, 1999
10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01531-0)| false
JahanshahiM,,ArdouinCMA,＆BrownRG,et al:The impact of deep brain stimulation on executive function in Parkinson's disease.Brain123:1142- - - - - -1154,2000Jahanshahi M, Ardouin CMA, Brown RG, et al: The impact of deep brain stimulation on executive function in Parkinson's disease.Brain 123:1142–1154, 2000
Jahanshahi
M
,
Ardouin
CMA
,
Brown
RG
,
et al
:
The impact of deep brain stimulation on executive function in Parkinson's disease.Brain
123
:
1142
- - - - - -
1154
,
2000
Jahanshahi M, Ardouin CMA, Brown RG, et al: The impact of deep brain stimulation on executive function in Parkinson's disease.
Brain 123:1142–1154, 2000
10.1093/brain/123.6.1142)| false
JonesEG:Some aspects of the organization of the thalamic reticular complex.J Comp Neurol162:285- - - - - -308,1975Jones EG: Some aspects of the organization of the thalamic reticular complex.J Comp Neurol 162:285–308, 1975
Jones
EG
:
Some aspects of the organization of the thalamic reticular complex.J Comp Neurol
162
:
285
- - - - - -
308
,
1975
Jones EG: Some aspects of the organization of the thalamic reticular complex.
J Comp Neurol 162:285–308, 1975)| false
JoyML,,LebedevVP,＆GatiJS:Imaging of current density and current pathways in rabbit brain during transcranial electrostimulation.IEEE Trans Biomed Eng46:1139- - - - - -1149,1999Joy ML, Lebedev VP, Gati JS: Imaging of current density and current pathways in rabbit brain during transcranial electrostimulation.IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 46:1139–1149, 1999
Joy
ML
,
Lebedev
VP
,
Gati
JS
:
Imaging of current density and current pathways in rabbit brain during transcranial electrostimulation.IEEE Trans Biomed Eng
46
:
1139
- - - - - -
1149
,
1999
Joy ML, Lebedev VP, Gati JS: Imaging of current density and current pathways in rabbit brain during transcranial electrostimulation.
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 46:1139–1149, 1999
10.1109/10.784146)| false
KolmacC,＆MitrofanisJ:Distribution of various neurochemicals within the zona incerta: an immunocytochemical and histochemical study.阿娜特Embryol199:265- - - - - -280,1998Kolmac C, Mitrofanis J: Distribution of various neurochemicals within the zona incerta: an immunocytochemical and histochemical study.阿娜特Embryol199:265–280, 1998
Kolmac
C
,
Mitrofanis
J
:
Distribution of various neurochemicals within the zona incerta: an immunocytochemical and histochemical study.阿娜特Embryol
199
:
265
- - - - - -
280
,
1998
Kolmac C, Mitrofanis J: Distribution of various neurochemicals within the zona incerta: an immunocytochemical and histochemical study.
阿娜特Embryol199:265–280, 1998)| false
Krack
P
,
Pollak
P
,
Limousin
P
,
et al
:
From off-period dystonia to peak-dose chorea. The clinical spectrum of varying subthalamic nucleus activity.Brain
122
:
1133
- - - - - -
1146
,
1999
Krack P, Pollak P, Limousin P, et al: From off-period dystonia to peak-dose chorea. The clinical spectrum of varying subthalamic nucleus activity.
Brain 122:1133–1146, 1999
10.1093/brain/122.6.1133)| false
KumarR,,LozanoAM,＆KimYJ,et al:Double-blind evaluation of the effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in advanced Parkinson's disease.Neurology51:850- - - - - -855,1998Kumar R, Lozano AM, Kim YJ, et al: Double-blind evaluation of the effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in advanced Parkinson's disease.Neurology 51:850–855, 1998
Kumar
R
,
Lozano
AM
,
Kim
YJ
,
et al
:
Double-blind evaluation of the effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in advanced Parkinson's disease.Neurology
51
:
850
- - - - - -
855
,
1998
Kumar R, Lozano AM, Kim YJ, et al: Double-blind evaluation of the effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in advanced Parkinson's disease.
Neurology 51:850–855, 1998
10.1212/WNL.51.3.850)| false
LangAE,＆LozanoAM:Parkinson's disease. First of two parts.N Engl J Med339:1044- - - - - -1053,1998Lang AE, Lozano AM: Parkinson's disease. First of two parts.N Engl J Med 339:1044–1053, 1998
Lang
AE
,
Lozano
AM
:
Parkinson's disease. First of two parts.N Engl J Med
339
:
1044
- - - - - -
1053
,
1998
Lang AE, Lozano AM: Parkinson's disease. First of two parts.
N Engl J Med 339:1044–1053, 1998
10.1056/NEJM199810083391506)| false
LangAE,＆LozanoAM:Parkinson's disease. Second of two parts.N Engl J Med339:1130- - - - - -1143,1998Lang AE, Lozano AM: Parkinson's disease. Second of two parts.N Engl J Med 339:1130–1143, 1998
Lang
AE
,
Lozano
AM
:
Parkinson's disease. Second of two parts.N Engl J Med
339
:
1130
- - - - - -
1143
,
1998
Lang AE, Lozano AM: Parkinson's disease. Second of two parts.
N Engl J Med 339:1130–1143, 1998
10.1056/NEJM199810153391607)| false
Lang
AE
,
Lozano
AM
,
Montgomery
E
,
et al
:
Posteroventral medial pallidotomy in advanced Parkinson's disease.N Engl J Med
337
:
1036
- - - - - -
1042
,
1997
Lang AE, Lozano AM, Montgomery E, et al: Posteroventral medial pallidotomy in advanced Parkinson's disease.
N Engl J Med 337:1036–1042, 1997
10.1056/NEJM199710093371503)| false
LevyR,,DostrovskyJO,＆LangAE,et al:阿朴吗啡对丘脑核的影响globus pallidus internus neurons in patients with Parkinson's disease.J Neurophysiol86:249- - - - - -260,2001Levy R, Dostrovsky JO, Lang AE, et al: Effects of apomorphine on subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus internus neurons in patients with Parkinson's disease.J Neurophysiol 86:249–260, 2001
Levy
R
,
Dostrovsky
JO
,
Lang
AE
,
et al
:
阿朴吗啡对丘脑核的影响globus pallidus internus neurons in patients with Parkinson's disease.J Neurophysiol
86
:
249
- - - - - -
260
,
2001
Levy R, Dostrovsky JO, Lang AE, et al: Effects of apomorphine on subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus internus neurons in patients with Parkinson's disease.
J Neurophysiol 86:249–260, 2001
10.1152/jn.2001.86.1.249)| false
LevyR,,LangAE,＆DostrovskyJO,et al:Lidocaine and muscimol microinjections in subthalamic nucleus reverse Parkinsonian symptoms.Brain124:2105- - - - - -2118,2001Levy R, Lang AE, Dostrovsky JO, et al: Lidocaine and muscimol microinjections in subthalamic nucleus reverse Parkinsonian symptoms.Brain 124:2105–2118, 2001
Levy
R
,
Lang
AE
,
Dostrovsky
JO
,
et al
:
Lidocaine and muscimol microinjections in subthalamic nucleus reverse Parkinsonian symptoms.Brain
124
:
2105
- - - - - -
2118
,
2001
Levy R, Lang AE, Dostrovsky JO, et al: Lidocaine and muscimol microinjections in subthalamic nucleus reverse Parkinsonian symptoms.
Brain 124:2105–2118, 2001
10.1093/brain/124.10.2105)| false
LozanoAM:Vim thalamic stimulation for tremor.Arch Med Res31:266- - - - - -269,2000Lozano AM: Vim thalamic stimulation for tremor.Arch Med Res 31:266–269, 2000
Lozano
AM
:
Vim thalamic stimulation for tremor.Arch Med Res
31
:
266
- - - - - -
269
,
2000
Lozano AM: Vim thalamic stimulation for tremor.
Arch Med Res 31:266–269, 2000
10.1016/S0188-4409(00)00081-3)| false
LozanoAM,,LangAE,＆Galvez-JimenezN,et al:Effect of GPi pallidotomy on motor function in Parkinson's disease.Lancet346:1383- - - - - -1387,1995Lozano AM, Lang AE, Galvez-Jimenez N, et al: Effect of GPi pallidotomy on motor function in Parkinson's disease.Lancet 346:1383–1387, 1995
Lozano
AM
,
Lang
AE
,
Galvez-Jimenez
N
,
et al
:
Effect of GPi pallidotomy on motor function in Parkinson's disease.Lancet
346
:
1383
- - - - - -
1387
,
1995
Lozano AM, Lang AE, Galvez-Jimenez N, et al: Effect of GPi pallidotomy on motor function in Parkinson's disease.
Lancet 346:1383–1387, 1995
10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92404-3)| false
LuechingerR,,WeberOM,＆BielerM,et al:Heat distribution near pacemaker lead tips.Proc Int地中海Soc杂志的原因9:1759,2001Luechinger R, Weber OM, Bieler M, et al: Heat distribution near pacemaker lead tips.Proc Int地中海Soc杂志的原因9:1759, 2001
Luechinger
R
,
Weber
OM
,
Bieler
M
,
et al
:
Heat distribution near pacemaker lead tips.Proc Int地中海Soc杂志的原因
9
:
1759
,
2001
Luechinger R, Weber OM, Bieler M, et al: Heat distribution near pacemaker lead tips.
Proc Int地中海Soc杂志的原因9:1759, 2001)| false
MitrofanisJ,＆deFonsekaR:Organisation of connections between the zona incerta and the interposed nucleus.阿娜特Embryol204:153- - - - - -159,2001Mitrofanis J, deFonseka R: Organisation of connections between the zona incerta and the interposed nucleus.阿娜特Embryol204:153–159, 2001
Mitrofanis
J
,
deFonseka
R
:
Organisation of connections between the zona incerta and the interposed nucleus.阿娜特Embryol
204
:
153
- - - - - -
159
,
2001
Mitrofanis J, deFonseka R: Organisation of connections between the zona incerta and the interposed nucleus.
阿娜特Embryol204:153–159, 2001
10.1007/s004290100187)| false
MundingerF:Results of 500 subthalamotomies in the region of the zonal incerta, inGillinghamFJ,＆DonaldsonIML(eds):Third Symposium on Parkinson's Disease.Edinburgh:Livingstone,1969, pp261- - - - - -265Mundinger F: Results of 500 subthalamotomies in the region of the zonal incerta, in Gillingham FJ, Donaldson IML (eds):Third Symposium on Parkinson's Disease.Edinburgh: Livingstone, 1969, pp 261–265
Mundinger
F
:
Results of 500 subthalamotomies in the region of the zonal incerta
, in
Gillingham
FJ
,
Donaldson
IML
(eds):Third Symposium on Parkinson's Disease.
Edinburgh
:
Livingstone
,
1969
, pp
261
- - - - - -
265
Mundinger F: Results of 500 subthalamotomies in the region of the zonal incerta, in Gillingham FJ, Donaldson IML (eds):
Third Symposium on Parkinson's Disease.Edinburgh: Livingstone, 1969, pp 261–265)| false
NakanoK,,KayaharaT,＆TsutsumiT,et al:Neural circuits and functional organization of the striatum.J Neurol247(5):V1- - - - - -V15,2000Nakano K, Kayahara T, Tsutsumi T, et al: Neural circuits and functional organization of the striatum.J Neurol 247 (Suppl 5):V1–V15, 2000
Nakano
K
,
Kayahara
T
,
Tsutsumi
T
,
et al
:
Neural circuits and functional organization of the striatum.J Neurol
247
(5)
:
V1
- - - - - -
V15
,
2000
Nakano K, Kayahara T, Tsutsumi T, et al: Neural circuits and functional organization of the striatum.
J Neurol 247 (Suppl 5):V1–V15, 2000
10.1007/PL00007778)| false
NambuA,,TokunoH,＆HamadaI,et al:Excitatory cortical inputs to pallidal neurons via the subthalamic nucleus in the monkey.J Neurophysiol84:289- - - - - -300,2000Nambu A, Tokuno H, Hamada I, et al: Excitatory cortical inputs to pallidal neurons via the subthalamic nucleus in the monkey.J Neurophysiol 84:289–300, 2000
Nambu
A
,
Tokuno
H
,
Hamada
I
,
et al
:
Excitatory cortical inputs to pallidal neurons via the subthalamic nucleus in the monkey.J Neurophysiol
84
:
289
- - - - - -
300
,
2000
Nambu A, Tokuno H, Hamada I, et al: Excitatory cortical inputs to pallidal neurons via the subthalamic nucleus in the monkey.
J Neurophysiol 84:289–300, 2000
10.1152/jn.2000.84.1.289)| false
NambuA,,TokunoH,＆InaseM,et al:Corticosubthalamic input zones from forelimb representations of the dorsal and ventral divisions of the premotor cortex in the macaque monkey: comparison with the input zones from the primary motor cortex and the supplementary motor area.Neurosci Lett239:13- - - - - -16,1997Nambu A, Tokuno H, Inase M, et al: Corticosubthalamic input zones from forelimb representations of the dorsal and ventral divisions of the premotor cortex in the macaque monkey: comparison with the input zones from the primary motor cortex and the supplementary motor area.Neurosci Lett 239:13–16, 1997
Nambu
A
,
Tokuno
H
,
Inase
M
,
et al
:
Corticosubthalamic input zones from forelimb representations of the dorsal and ventral divisions of the premotor cortex in the macaque monkey: comparison with the input zones from the primary motor cortex and the supplementary motor area.Neurosci Lett
239
:
13
- - - - - -
16
,
1997
Nambu A, Tokuno H, Inase M, et al: Corticosubthalamic input zones from forelimb representations of the dorsal and ventral divisions of the premotor cortex in the macaque monkey: comparison with the input zones from the primary motor cortex and the supplementary motor area.
Neurosci Lett 239:13–16, 1997
10.1016/S0304-3940(97)00877-X)| false
NiemannK,,NaujokatC,＆PohlG,et al:Verification of the Schaltenbrand and Wahren stereotactic atlas.Acta Neurochir129:72- - - - - -81,1994Niemann K, Naujokat C, Pohl G, et al: Verification of the Schaltenbrand and Wahren stereotactic atlas.Acta Neurochir 129:72–81, 1994
Niemann
K
,
Naujokat
C
,
Pohl
G
,
et al
:
Verification of the Schaltenbrand and Wahren stereotactic atlas.Acta Neurochir
129
:
72
- - - - - -
81
,
1994
Niemann K, Naujokat C, Pohl G, et al: Verification of the Schaltenbrand and Wahren stereotactic atlas.
Acta Neurochir 129:72–81, 1994
10.1007/BF01400876)| false
NiemannK,＆范NieuwenhofenI:One atlas—three anatomies: relationships of the Schaltenbrand and Wahren microscopic data.Acta Neurochir141:1025- - - - - -1038,1999Niemann K, van Nieuwenhofen I: One atlas—three anatomies: relationships of the Schaltenbrand and Wahren microscopic data.Acta Neurochir 141:1025–1038, 1999
Niemann
K
,
范Nieuwenhofen
I
:
One atlas—three anatomies: relationships of the Schaltenbrand and Wahren microscopic data.Acta Neurochir
141
:
1025
- - - - - -
1038
,
1999
Niemann K, van Nieuwenhofen I: One atlas—three anatomies: relationships of the Schaltenbrand and Wahren microscopic data.
Acta Neurochir 141:1025–1038, 1999
10.1007/s007010050479)| false
OttersenOP,＆Storm-MathisenJ:Neurons containing or accumulating transmitter amino acids, inBjörklundA,,HökfeltT,＆KuharMJ(eds):Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy. Vol 3: Classical Transmitters and Transmitter Receptors in the CNS, Part II.Amsterdam:Elsesevier,1984, pp141- - - - - -246Ottersen OP, Storm-Mathisen J: Neurons containing or accumulating transmitter amino acids, in Björklund A, Hökfelt T, Kuhar MJ (eds):Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy. Vol 3: Classical Transmitters and Transmitter Receptors in the CNS, Part II.Amsterdam: Elsesevier, 1984, pp 141–246
Ottersen
OP
,
Storm-Mathisen
J
:
Neurons containing or accumulating transmitter amino acids
, in
Björklund
A
,
Hökfelt
T
,
Kuhar
MJ
(eds):Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy. Vol 3: Classical Transmitters and Transmitter Receptors in the CNS, Part II.
Amsterdam
:
Elsesevier
,
1984
, pp
141
- - - - - -
246
Ottersen OP, Storm-Mathisen J: Neurons containing or accumulating transmitter amino acids, in Björklund A, Hökfelt T, Kuhar MJ (eds):
Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy. Vol 3: Classical Transmitters and Transmitter Receptors in the CNS, Part II.Amsterdam: Elsesevier, 1984, pp 141–246)| false
ParentA,＆CicchettiF:The current model of basal ganglia organization under scrutiny.Mov Disord13:199- - - - - -202,1998Parent A, Cicchetti F: The current model of basal ganglia organization under scrutiny.Mov Disord 13:199–202, 1998
Parent
A
,
Cicchetti
F
:
The current model of basal ganglia organization under scrutiny.Mov Disord
13
:
199
- - - - - -
202
,
1998
Parent A, Cicchetti F: The current model of basal ganglia organization under scrutiny.
Mov Disord 13:199–202, 1998
10.1002/mds.870130202)| false
ParentA,＆HazratiLN:Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. I. The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop.Brain Res Brain Res Rev20:91- - - - - -127,1995Parent A, Hazrati LN: Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. I. The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop.Brain Res Brain Res Rev 20:91–127, 1995
Parent
A
,
Hazrati
LN
:
Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. I. The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop.Brain Res Brain Res Rev
20
:
91
- - - - - -
127
,
1995
Parent A, Hazrati LN: Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. I. The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop.
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 20:91–127, 1995
10.1016/0165-0173(94)00007-C)| false
ParentA,＆HazratiLN:Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. II. The place of subthalamic nucleus and external pallidum in basal ganglia circuitry.Brain Res Brain Res Rev20:128- - - - - -154,1995Parent A, Hazrati LN: Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. II. The place of subthalamic nucleus and external pallidum in basal ganglia circuitry.Brain Res Brain Res Rev 20:128–154, 1995
Parent
A
,
Hazrati
LN
:
Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. II. The place of subthalamic nucleus and external pallidum in basal ganglia circuitry.Brain Res Brain Res Rev
20
:
128
- - - - - -
154
,
1995
Parent A, Hazrati LN: Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. II. The place of subthalamic nucleus and external pallidum in basal ganglia circuitry.
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 20:128–154, 1995
10.1016/0165-0173(94)00008-D)| false
PictetJ,,WickyS,＆MeuliR,et al:Heating effects around resonant lengths of wire during RF excitation.Proc Intl Soc Mag Reson Med9:1757,2001Pictet J, Wicky S, Meuli R, et al: Heating effects around resonant lengths of wire during RF excitation.Proc Intl Soc Mag Reson Med 9:1757, 2001
Pictet
J
,
Wicky
S
,
Meuli
R
,
et al
:
Heating effects around resonant lengths of wire during RF excitation.Proc Intl Soc Mag Reson Med
9
:
1757
,
2001
Pictet J, Wicky S, Meuli R, et al: Heating effects around resonant lengths of wire during RF excitation.
Proc Intl Soc Mag Reson Med 9:1757, 2001)| false
PowerBD,,LeameyCA,＆MitrofanisJ:Evidence for a visual sub-sector within the zona incerta.Vis Neurosci18:179- - - - - -186,2001Power BD, Leamey CA, Mitrofanis J: Evidence for a visual sub-sector within the zona incerta.Vis Neurosci 18:179–186, 2001
Power
BD
,
Leamey
CA
,
Mitrofanis
J
:
Evidence for a visual sub-sector within the zona incerta.Vis Neurosci
18
:
179
- - - - - -
186
,
2001
Power BD, Leamey CA, Mitrofanis J: Evidence for a visual sub-sector within the zona incerta.
Vis Neurosci 18:179–186, 2001
10.1017/S0952523801182027)| false
PowerBD,＆MitrofanisJ:Zona incerta: substrate for contralateral interconnectivity in the thalamus of rats.J Comp Neurol436:52- - - - - -63,2001Power BD, Mitrofanis J: Zona incerta: substrate for contralateral interconnectivity in the thalamus of rats.J Comp Neurol 436:52–63, 2001
Power
BD
,
Mitrofanis
J
:
Zona incerta: substrate for contralateral interconnectivity in the thalamus of rats.J Comp Neurol
436
:
52
- - - - - -
63
,
2001
Power BD, Mitrofanis J: Zona incerta: substrate for contralateral interconnectivity in the thalamus of rats.
J Comp Neurol 436:52–63, 2001
10.1002/cne.1053)| false
RanckJBJr:Which elements are excited in electrical stimulation of mammalian central nervous system: a review.Brain Res98:417- - - - - -440,1975Ranck JB Jr: Which elements are excited in electrical stimulation of mammalian central nervous system: a review.Brain Res 98:417–440, 1975
Ranck
JB
Jr
:
Which elements are excited in electrical stimulation of mammalian central nervous system: a review.Brain Res
98
:
417
- - - - - -
440
,
1975
Ranck JB Jr: Which elements are excited in electrical stimulation of mammalian central nervous system: a review.
Brain Res 98:417–440, 1975
10.1016/0006-8993(75)90364-9)| false
Rodriguez-OrozMC,,GorospeA,＆GuridiJ,et al:Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease.Neurology55(Suppl 6):S45- - - - - -S51,2000Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Gorospe A, Guridi J, et al: Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease.Neurology 55 (Suppl 6):S45–S51, 2000
Rodriguez-Oroz
MC
,
Gorospe
A
,
Guridi
J
,
et al
:
Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease.Neurology
55
(Suppl 6)
:
S45
- - - - - -
S51
,
2000
Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Gorospe A, Guridi J, et al: Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease.
Neurology 55 (Suppl 6):S45–S51, 2000)| false
Rodriguez-Oroz
MC
,
Rodriguez
M
,
Guridi
J
,
et al
:
The subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease: somatotopic organization and physiological characteristics.Brain
124
:
1777
- - - - - -
1790
,
2001
Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Rodriguez M, Guridi J, et al: The subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease: somatotopic organization and physiological characteristics.
Brain 124:1777–1790, 2001
10.1093/brain/124.9.1777)| false
RogerM,＆CadusseauJ:Afferents to the zona incerta in the rat: a combined retrograde and anterograde study.J Comp Neurol241:480- - - - - -492,1985Roger M, Cadusseau J: Afferents to the zona incerta in the rat: a combined retrograde and anterograde study.J Comp Neurol 241:480–492, 1985
Roger
M
,
Cadusseau
J
:
Afferents to the zona incerta in the rat: a combined retrograde and anterograde study.J Comp Neurol
241
:
480
- - - - - -
492
,
1985
Roger M, Cadusseau J: Afferents to the zona incerta in the rat: a combined retrograde and anterograde study.
J Comp Neurol 241:480–492, 1985
10.1002/cne.902410407)| false
SadikotAF,,ParentA,＆FrancoisC:Efferent connections of the centromedian and parafascicular thalamic nuclei in the squirrel monkey: a PHA-L study of subcortical projections.J Comp Neurol315:137- - - - - -159,1992Sadikot AF, Parent A, Francois C: Efferent connections of the centromedian and parafascicular thalamic nuclei in the squirrel monkey: a PHA-L study of subcortical projections.J Comp Neurol 315:137–159, 1992
Sadikot
AF
,
Parent
A
,
Francois
C
:
Efferent connections of the centromedian and parafascicular thalamic nuclei in the squirrel monkey: a PHA-L study of subcortical projections.J Comp Neurol
315
:
137
- - - - - -
159
,
1992
Sadikot AF, Parent A, Francois C: Efferent connections of the centromedian and parafascicular thalamic nuclei in the squirrel monkey: a PHA-L study of subcortical projections.
J Comp Neurol 315:137–159, 1992
10.1002/cne.903150203)| false
Saint-CyrJA,,PereiraLCM,＆LozanoAM,et al:Location and size variability in the human subthalamic nucleus as shown by MRI.Mov Disord15(Suppl 3):210,2000(Abstract)Saint-Cyr JA, Pereira LCM, Lozano AM, et al: Location and size variability in the human subthalamic nucleus as shown by MRI.Mov Disord 15 (Suppl 3):210, 2000 (Abstract)
Saint-Cyr
JA
,
Pereira
LCM
,
Lozano
AM
,
et al
:
Location and size variability in the human subthalamic nucleus as shown by MRI.Mov Disord
15
(Suppl 3)
:
210
,
2000
(Abstract)
Saint-Cyr JA, Pereira LCM, Lozano AM, et al: Location and size variability in the human subthalamic nucleus as shown by MRI.
Mov Disord 15 (Suppl 3):210, 2000 (Abstract))| false
Saint-CyrJA,,PereiraLCM,＆MikulisDM,et al:Accuracy of placement of deep brain stimulation electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus by MRI and neurophysiological guidance.Mov Disord15(Suppl 3):51- - - - - -12,2000(Abstract)Saint-Cyr JA, Pereira LCM, Mikulis DM, et al: Accuracy of placement of deep brain stimulation electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus by MRI and neurophysiological guidance.Mov Disord 15 (Suppl 3):51–12, 2000 (Abstract)
Saint-Cyr
JA
,
Pereira
LCM
,
Mikulis
DM
,
et al
:
Accuracy of placement of deep brain stimulation electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus by MRI and neurophysiological guidance.Mov Disord
15
(Suppl 3)
:
51
- - - - - -
12
,
2000
(Abstract)
Saint-Cyr JA, Pereira LCM, Mikulis DM, et al: Accuracy of placement of deep brain stimulation electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus by MRI and neurophysiological guidance.
Mov Disord 15 (Suppl 3):51–12, 2000 (Abstract))| false
Saint-CyrJA,＆TrépanierLL:Neuropsychologic assessment of patients for movement disorder surgery.Mov Disord15:771- - - - - -783,2000Saint-Cyr JA, Trépanier LL: Neuropsychologic assessment of patients for movement disorder surgery.Mov Disord 15:771–783, 2000
Saint-CyrJA,,TrépanierLL,＆KumarR,et al:Neuropsychological consequences of chronic bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease.Brain123:2091- - - - - -2108,2000Saint-Cyr JA, Trépanier LL, Kumar R, et al: Neuropsychological consequences of chronic bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease.Brain 123:2091–2108, 2000
Saint-Cyr
JA
,
Trépanier
LL
,
Kumar
R
,
et al
:
Neuropsychological consequences of chronic bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease.Brain
123
:
2091
- - - - - -
2108
,
2000
Saint-Cyr JA, Trépanier LL, Kumar R, et al: Neuropsychological consequences of chronic bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease.
Brain 123:2091–2108, 2000
10.1093/brain/123.10.2091)| false
SatoF,,ParentM,＆LevesqueM,et al:Axonal branching pattern of neurons of the subthalamic nucleus in primates.J Comp Neurol424:142- - - - - -152,2000Sato F, Parent M, Levesque M, et al: Axonal branching pattern of neurons of the subthalamic nucleus in primates.J Comp Neurol 424:142–152, 2000
Sato
F
,
Parent
M
,
Levesque
M
,
et al
:
Axonal branching pattern of neurons of the subthalamic nucleus in primates.J Comp Neurol
424
:
142
- - - - - -
152
,
2000
Sato F, Parent M, Levesque M, et al: Axonal branching pattern of neurons of the subthalamic nucleus in primates.
J Comp Neurol 424:142–152, 2000
10.1002/1096-9861(20000814)424:1<142::AID-CNE10>3.0.CO;2-8)| false
SchaltenbrandG,,WahrenW,＆HasslerRG(ed):Atlas for Stereotaxy of the Human Brain,ed 2.Stuttgart:Thieme,1977Schaltenbrand G, Wahren W, Hassler RG (ed):Atlas for Stereotaxy of the Human Brain, ed 2.Stuttgart: Thieme, 1977
Schaltenbrand
G
,
Wahren
W
,
Hassler
RG
(ed):Atlas for Stereotaxy of the Human Brain
,
ed 2
.
Stuttgart
:
Thieme
,
1977
Schaltenbrand G, Wahren W, Hassler RG (ed):
Atlas for Stereotaxy of the Human Brain, ed 2.Stuttgart: Thieme, 1977)| false
SchuurmanPR,,de BieRM,＆MajoieCB,et al:A prospective comparison between three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging and ventriculography for target-coordinate determination in frame-based functional stereotactic neurosurgery.J Neurosurg91:911- - - - - -914,1999Schuurman PR, de Bie RM, Majoie CB, et al: A prospective comparison between three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging and ventriculography for target-coordinate determination in frame-based functional stereotactic neurosurgery.J Neurosurg 91:911–914, 1999
Schuurman
PR
,
de Bie
RM
,
Majoie
CB
,
et al
:
A prospective comparison between three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging and ventriculography for target-coordinate determination in frame-based functional stereotactic neurosurgery.J Neurosurg
91
:
911
- - - - - -
914
,
1999
Schuurman PR, de Bie RM, Majoie CB, et al: A prospective comparison between three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging and ventriculography for target-coordinate determination in frame-based functional stereotactic neurosurgery.
J Neurosurg 91:911–914, 1999
10.3171/jns.1999.91.6.0911)| false
Sellal
F
,
Hirsch
E
,
Lisovoski
F
,
et al
:
Contralateral disappearance of parkinsonian signs after subthalamic hematoma.Neurology
42
:
255
- - - - - -
256
,
1992
Sellal F, Hirsch E, Lisovoski F, et al: Contralateral disappearance of parkinsonian signs after subthalamic hematoma.
Neurology 42:255–256, 1992
10.1212/WNL.42.1.255)| false
StarrPA,,VitekJL,＆BakayRA:Ablative surgery and deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease.开云体育app官方网站下载入口43:989- - - - - -1015,1998Starr PA, Vitek JL, Bakay RA: Ablative surgery and deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease.Neurosurgery 43:989–1015, 1998
Starr
PA
,
Vitek
JL
,
Bakay
RA
:
Ablative surgery and deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease.开云体育app官方网站下载入口
43
:
989
- - - - - -
1015
,
1998
Starr PA, Vitek JL, Bakay RA: Ablative surgery and deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease.
Neurosurgery 43:989–1015, 1998
10.1097/00006123-199811000-00001)| false
StarrPA,,VitekJL,＆BakayRAE:Deep brain stimulation for movement disorders.Neurosurg Clin N Am9:381- - - - - -402,1998Starr PA, Vitek JL, Bakay RAE: Deep brain stimulation for movement disorders.Neurosurg Clin N Am 9:381–402, 1998
Starr
PA
,
Vitek
JL
,
Bakay
RAE
:
Deep brain stimulation for movement disorders.Neurosurg Clin N Am
9
:
381
- - - - - -
402
,
1998
Starr PA, Vitek JL, Bakay RAE: Deep brain stimulation for movement disorders.
Neurosurg Clin N Am 9:381–402, 1998
10.1016/S1042-3680(18)30273-0)| false
StarrPA,,VitekJL,＆DeLongM,et al:Magnetic resonance imaging-based stereotactic localization of the globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus.开云体育app官方网站下载入口44:303- - - - - -314,1999Starr PA, Vitek JL, DeLong M, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging-based stereotactic localization of the globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus.Neurosurgery 44:303–314, 1999
Starr
PA
,
Vitek
JL
,
DeLong
M
,
et al
:
Magnetic resonance imaging-based stereotactic localization of the globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus.开云体育app官方网站下载入口
44
:
303
- - - - - -
314
,
1999
Starr PA, Vitek JL, DeLong M, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging-based stereotactic localization of the globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus.
Neurosurgery 44:303–314, 1999
10.1097/00006123-199902000-00031)| false
SteriadeM,＆LlinásRR:The functional states of the thalamus and the associated neuronal interplay.Physiol Rev68:649- - - - - -742,1988Steriade M, Llinás RR: The functional states of the thalamus and the associated neuronal interplay.Physiol Rev 68:649–742, 1988
Steriade
M
,
Llinás
RR
:
The functional states of the thalamus and the associated neuronal interplay.Physiol Rev
68
:
649
- - - - - -
742
,
1988
Steriade M, Llinás RR: The functional states of the thalamus and the associated neuronal interplay.
Physiol Rev 68:649–742, 1988
10.1152/physrev.1988.68.3.649)| false
StieltjesB,,KaufmannWE,＆van ZijlPC,et al:Diffusion tensor imaging and axonal tracking in the human brainstem.Neuroimage14:723- - - - - -735,2001Stieltjes B, Kaufmann WE, van Zijl PC, et al: Diffusion tensor imaging and axonal tracking in the human brainstem.Neuroimage 14:723–735, 2001
Stieltjes
B
,
Kaufmann
WE
,
van Zijl
PC
,
et al
:
Diffusion tensor imaging and axonal tracking in the human brainstem.Neuroimage
14
:
723
- - - - - -
735
,
2001
Stieltjes B, Kaufmann WE, van Zijl PC, et al: Diffusion tensor imaging and axonal tracking in the human brainstem.
Neuroimage 14:723–735, 2001
10.1006/nimg.2001.0861)| false
St-JeanP,,SadikotAF,＆CollinsL,et al:Automated atlas integration and interactive three-dimensional visualization tools for planning and guidance in functional neurosurgery.IEEE Trans Med Imaging17:672- - - - - -680,1998St-Jean P, Sadikot AF, Collins L, et al: Automated atlas integration and interactive three-dimensional visualization tools for planning and guidance in functional neurosurgery.IEEE Trans Med Imaging 17:672–680, 1998
St-Jean
P
,
Sadikot
AF
,
Collins
L
,
et al
:
Automated atlas integration and interactive three-dimensional visualization tools for planning and guidance in functional neurosurgery.IEEE Trans Med Imaging
17
:
672
- - - - - -
680
,
1998
St-Jean P, Sadikot AF, Collins L, et al: Automated atlas integration and interactive three-dimensional visualization tools for planning and guidance in functional neurosurgery.
IEEE Trans Med Imaging 17:672–680, 1998
10.1109/42.736017)| false
TanEK,＆JankovicJ:Movement disorder surgery: patient selection and evaluation of surgical results, inLozanoAM(ed):Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol 15. Movement Disorder Surgery.Basel:Karger,2000, pp78- - - - - -90,Tan EK, Jankovic J: Movement disorder surgery: patient selection and evaluation of surgical results, in Lozano AM (ed):Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol 15. Movement Disorder Surgery.Basel: Karger, 2000, pp 78–90,
Tan
EK
,
Jankovic
J
:
Movement disorder surgery: patient selection and evaluation of surgical results
, in
Lozano
AM
(ed):Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol 15. Movement Disorder Surgery.
Basel
:
Karger
,
2000
, pp
78
- - - - - -
90
,
Tan EK, Jankovic J: Movement disorder surgery: patient selection and evaluation of surgical results, in Lozano AM (ed):
Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol 15. Movement Disorder Surgery.Basel: Karger, 2000, pp 78–90,)| false
TaskerRR,＆DostrovskyJO:Invasive lesioning of the CNS for functional disorders, inAlexanderEIII,＆MaciunasRJ(eds):Advanced Neurosurgical Navigation.New York:Thieme Medical,1999, pp483- - - - - -506Tasker RR, Dostrovsky JO: Invasive lesioning of the CNS for functional disorders, in Alexander E III, Maciunas RJ (eds):Advanced Neurosurgical Navigation.New York: Thieme Medical, 1999, pp 483–506
Tasker
RR
,
Dostrovsky
JO
:
Invasive lesioning of the CNS for functional disorders
, in
Alexander
E
III
,
Maciunas
RJ
(eds):Advanced Neurosurgical Navigation.
New York
:
Thieme Medical
,
1999
, pp
483
- - - - - -
506
Tasker RR, Dostrovsky JO: Invasive lesioning of the CNS for functional disorders, in Alexander E III, Maciunas RJ (eds):
Advanced Neurosurgical Navigation.New York: Thieme Medical, 1999, pp 483–506)| false
ThompsonTP,,LunsfordLD,＆KondziolkaD:Technical considerations in movement disorder surgery: frames, imaging and intraoperative monitoring, inLozanoAM(ed):Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol 15. Movement Disorder Surgery.Basel:Karger,2000, pp91- - - - - -102Thompson TP, Lunsford LD, Kondziolka D: Technical considerations in movement disorder surgery: frames, imaging and intraoperative monitoring, in Lozano AM (ed):Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol 15. Movement Disorder Surgery.Basel: Karger, 2000, pp 91–102
Thompson
TP
,
Lunsford
LD
,
Kondziolka
D
:
Technical considerations in movement disorder surgery: frames, imaging and intraoperative monitoring
, in
Lozano
AM
(ed):Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol 15. Movement Disorder Surgery.
Basel
:
Karger
,
2000
, pp
91
- - - - - -
102
Thompson TP, Lunsford LD, Kondziolka D: Technical considerations in movement disorder surgery: frames, imaging and intraoperative monitoring, in Lozano AM (ed):
Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol 15. Movement Disorder Surgery.Basel: Karger, 2000, pp 91–102)| false
TronnierVM,,StaubertA,＆HahnelS,et al:Magnetic resonance imaging with implanted neurostimulators: an in vitro and in vivo study.开云体育app官方网站下载入口44:118- - - - - -126,1999Tronnier VM, Staubert A, Hahnel S, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging with implanted neurostimulators: an in vitro and in vivo study.Neurosurgery 44:118–126, 1999
Tronnier
VM
,
Staubert
A
,
Hahnel
S
,
et al
:
Magnetic resonance imaging with implanted neurostimulators: an in vitro and in vivo study.开云体育app官方网站下载入口
44
:
118
- - - - - -
126
,
1999
Tronnier VM, Staubert A, Hahnel S, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging with implanted neurostimulators: an in vitro and in vivo study.
Neurosurgery 44:118–126, 1999
10.1097/00006123-199901000-00073)| false
TuchDS,,WedeenVJ,＆DaleAM,et al:Conductivity tensor mapping of the human brain using diffusion tensor MRI.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA98:11697- - - - - -11701,2001Tuch DS, Wedeen VJ, Dale AM, et al: Conductivity tensor mapping of the human brain using diffusion tensor MRI.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:11697–11701, 2001
Tuch
DS
,
Wedeen
VJ
,
Dale
AM
,
et al
:
Conductivity tensor mapping of the human brain using diffusion tensor MRI.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
98
:
11697
- - - - - -
11701
,
2001
Tuch DS, Wedeen VJ, Dale AM, et al: Conductivity tensor mapping of the human brain using diffusion tensor MRI.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:11697–11701, 2001
10.1073/pnas.171473898)| false
VelascoF,,JimenezF,＆PerezML,et al:Electrical stimulation of the prelemniscal radiation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: an old target revised with new techniques.开云体育app官方网站下载入口49:293- - - - - -308,2001Velasco F, Jimenez F, Perez ML, et al: Electrical stimulation of the prelemniscal radiation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: an old target revised with new techniques.Neurosurgery 49:293–308, 2001
Velasco
F
,
Jimenez
F
,
Perez
ML
,
et al
:
Electrical stimulation of the prelemniscal radiation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: an old target revised with new techniques.开云体育app官方网站下载入口
49
:
293
- - - - - -
308
,
2001
Velasco F, Jimenez F, Perez ML, et al: Electrical stimulation of the prelemniscal radiation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: an old target revised with new techniques.
Neurosurgery 49:293–308, 2001)| false
VolkmannJ,,AllertN,＆VogesJ,et al:Safety and efficacy of pallidal or subthalamic nucleus stimulation in advanced PD.Neurology56:548- - - - - -551,2001Volkmann J, Allert N, Voges J, et al: Safety and efficacy of pallidal or subthalamic nucleus stimulation in advanced PD.Neurology 56:548–551, 2001
Volkmann
J
,
Allert
N
,
Voges
J
,
et al
:
Safety and efficacy of pallidal or subthalamic nucleus stimulation in advanced PD.Neurology
56
:
548
- - - - - -
551
,
2001
Volkmann J, Allert N, Voges J, et al: Safety and efficacy of pallidal or subthalamic nucleus stimulation in advanced PD.
Neurology 56:548–551, 2001
10.1212/WNL.56.4.548)| false
WaltonL,,HampshireA,＆ForsterDM,et al:Stereotactic localization with magnetic resonance imaging: a phantom study to compare the accuracy obtained using two-dimensional and three-dimensional data acquisitions.开云体育app官方网站下载入口41:131- - - - - -139,1997Walton L, Hampshire A, Forster DM, et al: Stereotactic localization with magnetic resonance imaging: a phantom study to compare the accuracy obtained using two-dimensional and three-dimensional data acquisitions.Neurosurgery 41:131–139, 1997
Walton
L
,
Hampshire
A
,
Forster
DM
,
et al
:
Stereotactic localization with magnetic resonance imaging: a phantom study to compare the accuracy obtained using two-dimensional and three-dimensional data acquisitions.开云体育app官方网站下载入口
41
:
131
- - - - - -
139
,
1997
Walton L, Hampshire A, Forster DM, et al: Stereotactic localization with magnetic resonance imaging: a phantom study to compare the accuracy obtained using two-dimensional and three-dimensional data acquisitions.
Neurosurgery 41:131–139, 1997
10.1097/00006123-199707000-00027)| false
WichmannT,＆DeLongMR:Functional and pathophysiological models of the basal ganglia.Curr Opin Neurobiol6:751- - - - - -758,1996Wichmann T, DeLong MR: Functional and pathophysiological models of the basal ganglia.Curr Opin Neurobiol 6:751–758, 1996
ZinconeA,,LandiA,＆PioltiR,et al:Physiologic study of the subthalamic volume.Neurol Sci22:111- - - - - -112,2001Zincone A, Landi A, Piolti R, et al: Physiologic study of the subthalamic volume.Neurol Sci 22:111–112, 2001
Zincone
A
,
Landi
A
,
Piolti
R
,
et al
:
Physiologic study of the subthalamic volume.Neurol Sci
22
:
111
- - - - - -
112
,
2001
Zincone A, Landi A, Piolti R, et al: Physiologic study of the subthalamic volume.
Neurol Sci 22:111–112, 2001
10.1007/s100720170069)| false
ZonenshaynM,,RezaiAR,＆MogilnerAY,et al:Comparison of anatomic and neurophysiological methods for subthalamic nucleus targeting.开云体育app官方网站下载入口47:282- - - - - -294,2000Zonenshayn M, Rezai AR, Mogilner AY, et al: Comparison of anatomic and neurophysiological methods for subthalamic nucleus targeting.Neurosurgery 47:282–294, 2000
Zonenshayn
M
,
Rezai
AR
,
Mogilner
AY
,
et al
:
Comparison of anatomic and neurophysiological methods for subthalamic nucleus targeting.开云体育app官方网站下载入口
47
:
282
- - - - - -
294
,
2000
Zonenshayn M, Rezai AR, Mogilner AY, et al: Comparison of anatomic and neurophysiological methods for subthalamic nucleus targeting.
Neurosurgery 47:282–294, 2000
10.1097/00006123-200008000-00005)| false
