Search Results

OBJECTIVE

Spheno-orbital脑膜瘤(索姆)是复杂的tumors that involve multiple structures at initial presentation, such as the orbit, temporalis muscle, sphenoidal bone, cavernous sinus, and temporal or infratemporal fossa. The infiltrative growth and complexity of this type of meningioma make total resection impossible. In this study, the authors evaluated the surgical outcome of the endoscopic transorbital approach (eTOA) for SOM. In addition, they identified optimal indications for the use of eTOA and analyzed the feasibility of this approach as a minimally invasive surgery for SOMs of varying types and locations at presentation.

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Between September 2016 and December 2019, the authors performed eTOA in 41 patients with SOM with or without orbital involvement at 3 independent tertiary institutions. The authors evaluated the surgical outcomes of eTOA for SOM and investigated several factors that affect the outcome, such as tumor volume, tumor location, and the presence of lateral orbitotomy. Gross-total resection (GTR) was defined as complete resection of the tumor or intended subtotal resection except the cavernous sinus. This study was undertaken as a multicenter project (006) of the Korean Society of Endoscopic Neurosurgery (KOSEN-006).

RESULTS

There were 41 patients (5 men and 36 women) with a median age of 52.0 years (range 24–73 years). Twenty-one patients had tumors that involved the orbital structure, while 14 patients had tumors that presented at the sphenoidal bone along with other structures, such as the cavernous sinus, temporal fossa, and infratemporal fossa. Fifteen patients had the globulous type of tumor and 26 patients had the en plaque type. Overall, GTR was achieved in 21 of 41 patients (51.2%), and complications included CSF leaks in 2 patients and wound complications in 2 patients. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the en plaque type of tumor, absence of lateral orbital rim osteotomy, involvement of the temporal floor or infratemporal fossa, and involvement of the orbit and medial one-third of the greater sphenoidal wing were closely associated with lower GTR rates (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the en plaque type of tumor and the absence of lateral orbital rim osteotomy were significant predictors for lower GTR rate.

CONCLUSIONS

The en plaque type of SOM remains a challenge despite advances in technique such as minimally invasive surgery. Overall, clinical outcome of eTOA for SOM was comparable to the transcranial surgery. To achieve GTR, eTOA is recommended, with additional lateral orbital rim osteotomy for globulous-type tumors, without involving the floor of the temporal and infratemporal fossa.

OBJECTIVE

The authors investigated the natural history of asymptomatic nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) with optic nerve compression.

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This study retrospectively analyzed the natural history of asymptomatic NFPAs with documented optic nerve compression on MRI diagnosed between 2000 and 2016 from 2 institutions. The patients were followed up with regular endocrinological, ophthalmological, and radiological evaluations, and the endpoint was new endocrinopathy or neurological deficits.

RESULTS

The study comprised 81 patients. The median age at diagnosis was 58.0 years and the follow-up duration was 60.0 months. As the denominator of overall pituitary patients, 2604 patients were treated with surgery after diagnosis at the 2 institutions during the same period. The mean initial and last measured values for tumor diameter were 23.7 ± 8.9 mm and 26.2 ± 11.4 mm, respectively (mean ± SD). Tumor growth was observed in 51 (63.0%) patients; however, visual deterioration was observed in 14 (17.3%) patients. Ten (12.3%) patients experienced endocrine deterioration. Fourteen (17.3%) patients underwent surgery for either visual deterioration (in 12 patients) or endocrine dysfunction (in 2 patients). After surgery, all patients experienced improvements in visual or hormonal function. The actuarial rates of treatment-free survival at 2, 3, and 5 years were 96.1%, 93.2%, and 85.6%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, initial cavernous sinus invasion (HR 4.985, 95% CI 1.597–15.56; p = 0.006) was the only independent risk factor for eventual treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

的neuroendocrinological恶化frequent and could be recovered by surgery with early detection on regular follow-up in asymptomatic NFPAs with documented optic nerve compression on MRI. Therefore, conservative management could be an acceptable strategy for these tumors. Careful follow-up is required for tumors with cavernous sinus invasion.

OBJECTIVE

In this double-blind randomized trial, the necessity of preoperative steroid administration in patients without adrenal insufficiency (AI) undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS) for pituitary adenoma was evaluated.

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四十个病人,没有人工智能,定义为一个peak cortisol level > 18 µg/dl on the insulin tolerance test or rapid adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) test, undergoing ETSS for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas were randomly allocated to treatment with either 100 mg of preoperative hydrocortisone (group HC, n = 20) or normal saline (group C, n = 20). The patients with pituitary apoplexy, the use of a drug within the last 3 months that could affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, or a previous history of brain or adrenal surgery were excluded. Intraoperative cortisol and ACTH levels were measured after anesthesia induction, dura incision, and tumor removal, and at the end of surgery. Intraoperative hypotension, early postoperative AI, and postoperative 3-month pituitary function were investigated.

RESULTS

Intraoperative serum cortisol levels were significantly higher in the HC group than in the C group after anesthesia induction (median 69.0 µg/dl [IQR 62.2–89.6 µg/dl] vs 12.7 µg/dl [IQR 8.4–18.2 µg/dl], median difference 57.5 µg/dl [95% CI 33.0–172.9 µg/dl]), after dura incision (median 53.2 µg/dl [IQR 44.9–63.8 µg/dl] vs 6.4 [IQR 4.8–9.2 µg/dl], median difference 46.6 µg/dl [95% CI 13.3–89.2 µg/dl]), after tumor removal (median 49.5 µg/dl [IQR 43.6–62.4 µg/dl] vs 9.2 µg/dl [IQR 5.75–16.7 µg/dl], median difference 39.4 µg/dl [95% CI 0.3–78.1 µg/dl]), and at the end of surgery (median 46.9 µg/dl [IQR 40.1–63.4 µg/dl] vs 16.9 µg/dl [IQR 12.1–23.2 µg/dl], median difference 32.2 µg/dl [95% CI −42.0 to 228.1 µg/dl]). Serum ACTH levels were significantly lower in group HC than in group C after anesthesia induction (median 3.9 pmol/L [IQR 1.7–5.2 pmol/L] vs 6.9 pmol/L [IQR 3.9–11.9 pmol/L], p = 0.007). No patient showed intraoperative hypotension due to AI. Early postoperative AI was observed in 3 and 5 patients in groups HC and C, respectively. The postoperative 3-month pituitary hormone outcomes including ACTH deficiency were not different between groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Preoperative steroid administration may be unnecessary in patients without AI undergoing ETSS for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. However, a further large-scale study is needed to determine whether preoperative steroid administration has a significant impact on clinically meaningful events such as perioperative AI and postoperative 3-month ACTH deficiency in these patients.

Korean Clinical Trial Registry no.: KCT0002426 (https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/).

OBJECTIVE

Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) represents an alternative treatment for patients with tumor-related trigeminal neuralgia (TRTN). However, in previous studies, the primary GKS target was limited to mass lesions. The authors evaluated whether GKS could target both the tumor and the trigeminal root exit zone (REZ) in a single session while providing durable pain relief and minimizing radiation dose–related complications for TRTN patients.

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The authors' institutional review board approved the retrospective analysis of data from 15 consecutive patients (6 men and 9 women, median age 67 years, range 45–79 years) with TRTN who had undergone GKS. In all cases, the radiation was delivered in a single session targeting both the tumor and trigeminal REZ. The authors assessed the clinical outcomes, including the extent of pain relief, durability of the treatment response, and complications. Radiation doses to organs at risk (OARs), including the brainstem and the cranial nerve VII–VIII complex, were analyzed asdosesreceived by 2% or 50% of the tissue volume and the tissue volume covered by a dose of 12 Gy (V_12Gy).

RESULTS

The median length of clinical follow-up was 38 months (range 12–78 months). Pain relief with GKS was initially achieved in 14 patients (93.3%) and at the last follow-up in 13 patients (86.7%). The actuarial recurrence-free survival rates were 93%, 83%, and 69% at 1, 3, and 5 years after GKS, respectively. Persistent facial numbness was observed in 3 patients (20.0%). There were no complications such as facial weakness, altered taste function, hearing impairment, and balance difficulties indicating impaired function of the cranial nerve VII–VIII complex. The V_12Gyin the brainstem was less than or equal to 0.24 cm³in all patients. There were no significant differences in any OAR values in the brainstem between patients with and without facial numbness after GKS.

CONCLUSIONS

The strategy of performing GKS for both tumor and trigeminal REZ in a single session is a safe and effective radiosurgical approach that achieves durable pain control for TRTN patients.

OBJECTIVE

The natural history and proper algorithm for follow-up testing of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (PAs) are not well known, despite their relatively high prevalence. The aim of this study was to suggest the optimal follow-up algorithm for nonfunctioning PAs based on their natural history.

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The authors followed up 197 patients with nonfunctioning PAs that had not been treated (including surgery and radiation therapy) at the time of detection, in a single center, between March 2000 and February 2017. They conducted a hormone test, visual field test, and MRI at the time of diagnosis and yearly thereafter.

RESULTS

总体平均随访时间为37个月s. Microadenomas (n = 38) did not cause visual disturbance, pituitary apoplexy, or endocrine dysfunction. The incidence of patients with tumor volume growth ≥ 20% was higher for macroadenomas than microadenomas (13.8 vs 5.0 per 100 person-years [PYs], p = 0.002). The median time to any tumor growth was 4.8 years (95% CI 3.4–4.8 years) for microadenomas and 4 years (95% CI 3.3–4.2 years) for macroadenomas. The overall incidence of worsening visual function was 0.69 per 100 PYs. Patients with a tumor volume growth rate ≥ 0.88 cm³/year (n = 20) had a higher incidence of worsening visual function (4.69 vs 0.30 per 100 PYs, p < 0.001). The tumor growth rate of all microadenomas was < 0.88 cm³/year. The median time to tumor growth ≥ 20% was 3.3 years (95% CI 1.8–3.9 years) in patients with a tumor growth rate ≥ 0.88 cm³/year and 4.9 years (95% CI 4.6–7.2 years) in patients with a tumor growth rate < 0.88 cm³/year.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors have devised a follow-up strategy based on the tumor volume growth rate as well as initial tumor volume. In patients with microadenomas, the next MRI study can be performed at 3 years. In patients with macroadenomas, the second MRI study should be performed between 6 months and 1 year to assess the tumor growth rate. In patients with a tumor growth rate ≥ 0.88 cm³/year, the MRI study should be performed within 2 years. In patients with a tumor growth rate < 0.88 cm³/year, the MRI study can be delayed until 4 years.