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Gamma Knife radiosurgery for larger-volume vestibular schwannomas

Clinical article

Huai-che Yang Departments of Neurological Surgery,
Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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M.D.
,
Hideyuki Kano Departments of Neurological Surgery,
Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and

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M.D., Ph.D.
,
Nasir Raza Awan Departments of Neurological Surgery,

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L. Dade Lunsford Departments of Neurological Surgery,
Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and

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Ajay Niranjan Departments of Neurological Surgery,
Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and

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M.Ch.
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John C. Flickinger Departments of Neurological Surgery,
Radiation Oncology, and the

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Josef Novotny Jr. Radiation Oncology, and the
Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and

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Jagdish P. Bhatnagar Radiation Oncology, and the
Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and

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Sc.D.
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Douglas Kondziolka Departments of Neurological Surgery,
Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and

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Object

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an important management option for patients with small- and medium-sized vestibular schwannomas. To assess the potential role of SRS in larger tumors, the authors reviewed their recent experience.

开云体育世界杯赔率

Between 1994 and 2008, 65 patients with vestibular schwannomas between 3 and 4 cm in one extracanalicular maximum diameter (median tumor volume 9 ml) underwent Gamma Knife surgery. Seventeen patients (26%) had previously undergone resection.

Results

The median follow-up duration was 36 months (range 1–146 months). At the first planned imaging follow-up at 6 months, 5 tumors (8%) were slightly expanded, 53 (82%) were stable in size, and 7 (11%) were smaller. Two patients (3%) underwent resection within 6 months due to progressive symptoms. Two years later, with 63 tumors overall after the 2 post-SRS resections, 16 tumors (25%) had a volume reduction of more than 50%, 22 (35%) tumors had a volume reduction of 10–50%, 18 (29%) were stable in volume (volume change < 10%), and 7 (11%) had larger volumes (5 of the 7 patients underwent resection and 1 of the 7 underwent repeat SRS). Eighteen (82%) of 22 patients with serviceable hearing before SRS still had serviceable hearing after SRS more than 2 years later. Three patients (5%) developed symptomatic hydrocephalus and underwent placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. In 4 patients (6%) trigeminal sensory dysfunction developed, and in 1 patient (2%) mild facial weakness (House-Brackmann Grade II) developed after SRS. In univariate analysis, patients who had a previous resection (p = 0.010), those with a tumor volume exceeding 10 ml (p = 0.05), and those with Koos Grade 4 tumors (p = 0.02) had less likelihood of tumor control after SRS.

Conclusions

Although microsurgical resection remains the primary management choice in patients with low comorbidities, most vestibular schwannomas with a maximum diameter less than 4 cm and without significant mass effect can be managed satisfactorily with Gamma Knife radiosurgery.

Abbreviations used in this paper:

ARE = adverse radiation effect ; ICP = intracranial pressure ; SRS = stereotactic radiosurgery .
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